A Formal Framework for Modular Synchronous System Design by Marinescu, Maria-Cristina V, Rinard, Martin C

“…Our compiler automatically transforms modular and asynchronous specifications of circuits written in our specification language, into tightly coupled, fully synchronous implementations in synthesizable Verilog. …”
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Improving the productivity of high-level synthesis by advancing reuseability and verifiability by Yang, Liwei

“…Following algorithmic specifications, designers perform architectural specification including hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning. …”
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Design of circular polarized micro-strip antenna by Shanmugam Bhaskar Vignesh

“…The antenna has fulfilled the design specifications suitable for applications of Wireless Power Transmission in the ISM band.…”
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Sure (EM)-Autometrics: An Automated Model Selection Procedure with Expectation Maximization Algorithm Estimation Method (S/O 14925) by Kamarudin, Nur Azulia

“…Three econometric models have been utilised as a testbed for true specification search. The results were divided into four categories where a tight significance level of 1% had contributed a high percentage of all equations in the model contain variables precisely comparable to the true specifications. …”
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Feasibility of Vector Instruction-Set Semantics Using Abstract Monads by De Belen, Arthur Reiner

“…Formalizations of instruction-set semantics help establish formal proofs of correctness of both hardware designed to implement these instruction sets and the software implemented against this specification. One such prior work1 formalizes a specification of a subset of the RISC-V instruction-set architecture using a general-purpose language, Haskell, using its monad and typeclass support to abstract over effects. …”
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Symbolic verification and strategy synthesis for turn-based stochastic games by Kwiatkowska, M, Norman, G, Parker, D, Santos, G

“…Probabilistic model checking techniques for this class of models allow us to formally specify quantitative specifications of either collective or individual behaviour and then automatically synthesise strategies for the agents under which these specifications are guaranteed to be satisfied. …”

A study of air molecular contamination (AMC) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in new AMC/VOC controlled cleanroom by Wong, Chee Kong

“…The required VOC specifications of the new cleanroom were met based on test results from 1 to 4. …”
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Design and construction of a low cost compliant hand robot by Yu, Wei Shin., Choo, Fook Hoong.

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A heuristic-based scheduling algorithm for high level synthesis of digital systems by Gulam Mohamed.

“…High level synthesis involves tasks that will transform an abstract or algorithmic level specification to a register transfer level structure while at the same time satisfying a set of constraints and achieving a set of goals. …”
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Rationale management tool for software engineering by Fwu, Stanislaus Benfa.

“…It is normally stored in the form of functional specification document or the design specification document. …”
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A comparative study on parameter recovery of three approaches to structural equation modeling by Malhotra, Naresh K., Tomiuk, Marc A., Hwang, Heungsun, Kim, Youngchan, Hong, Sungjin

“…The authors conduct a simulation study to evaluate the relative performance of these three approaches in terms of parameter recovery under different experimental conditions of sample size, data distribution, and model specification. In this study, model specification is the only meaningful condition in differentiating the performance of the three approaches in parameter recovery. …”
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Single-stage and cascade design of high order multiplierless linear phase FIR filters using genetic algorithm by Ye, Wen Bin, Yu, Ya Jun

“…In a practical filter design problem, when the filter specification is stringent, requiring high filter order and wide coefficient wordlength, GAs often fail to find feasible solutions, because the discrete search space thus constructed is huge and the majority of the solution candidates therein can not meet the specification. …”
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Reactive synthesis of dominant strategies by Aminof, B, De Giacomo, G, Rubin, S

“…We study the synthesis under environment specifications problem for LTL/LTLf which, in particular, generalizes FOND (strong) planning with these temporal goals. …”

Healthcare survey management system by Tai, Rebekah Shi Ting

“…It consists of HSMS design methodology, overall description, technical specification, requirement specification, explanation on the design and implementation of the interfaces and features of the system. …”
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Design of a low-voltage low-power WiMAX low noise amplifier by Zeng, Wei

“…CMOS 0.18m CSM technology was used for the proposed design and WiMAX specifications are met satisfactorily.…”
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Experimental and numerical investigations of press-braked stainless steel channel section beam-columns by Zhang, Lulu, Li, Shuai, Tan, Kang Hai, Zhao, Ou

“…In terms of the design consistency, the American specification and Australian/New Zealand standard were shown to result in more consistent resistance predictions (regardless of cross-section dimensions and buckling orientations) than their Eurocode counterpart.…”
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Flexural buckling behaviour and residual strengths of S700 high strength steel circular hollow section columns after exposure to fire by Koh, Alicia

“…The evaluation results generally revealed that the Eurocode yields rather conservative but relatively accurate and consistent buckling resistance predictions, while the American Specification and Australian Standard offer a high level of accuracy and consistency.…”
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Evolutionary origin of the chordate nervous system revealed by amphioxus developmental trajectories by Dai, Y, Zhong, Y, Liu, H, Pan, R, Yuan, L, Du, J, Li, M, Wang, X, Shi, C, Liu, G, Zhu, P, Shimeld, S, Zhou, X, Li, G

“…We characterized cell specification at the mechanistic level and generated mutant lines to examine the function of five key transcription factors involved in neural specification. …”

"Target trial emulation" for observational studies - potential and pitfalls by Hubbard, RA, Gatsonis, CA, Hogan, JW, Hunter, DJ, Normand, S-LT, Troxel, AB

“…To improve the quality of observational studies, target trial emulation requires careful specification of design elements, analytic methods for addressing confounding, and reporting of sensitivity analyses.…”

High power amplifier for S-band downlink system of LEO satellites by Tan, Tee Keng.

“…This procedure was followed to determine the specifications for the individual amplifier modules of the HPA. …”
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