Homologous Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitor domains delay blood coagulation by inhibiting factor X and XI with differential specificity by Ramesh, Karthik, Lama, Dilraj, Tan, Kang Wei, Nguyen, Van Sang, Chew, Fook Tim, Verma, Chandra Shekhar, Mok, Yu Keung

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Molecular insights into evolution, mutations and receptor-binding specificity of influenza A and B viruses from outpatients and hospitalized patients in Singapore by Ivan, Fransiskus Xaverius, Zhou, Xinrui, Lau, Suk Hiang, Rashid, Shamima, Teo, Jasmine S. M., Lee, Hong Kai, Koay, Evelyn S., Chan, Kwai Peng, Leo, Yee Sin, Chen, Mark I. Cheng, Kwoh, Chee Keong, Chow, Vincent T.

“…Background: This study compared the genomes of influenza viruses that caused mild infections among outpatients and severe infections among hospitalized patients in Singapore, and characterized their molecular evolution and receptor-binding specificity. Methods: The complete genomes of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses that caused mild infections among outpatients and severe infections among inpatients in Singapore during 2012–2015 were sequenced and characterized. …”
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Quantitative single-molecule study reveals site-specific photo-oxidation activities and kinetics on 2D g-C₃N₄ by Wu, Shuyang, Madridejos, Jenica Marie L., Lee, Jinn-Kye, Xu, Rong, Lu, Yunpeng, Zhang, Zhengyang

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Dengue Serotype Cross-Reactive, Anti-E Protein Antibodies Confound Specific Immune Memory for 1 Year after Infection by Toh, Ying Xiu, Gan, Victor, Balakrishnan, Thavamalar, Zuest, Roland, Poidinger, Michael, Wilson, Solomonraj, Appanna, Ramapraba, Thein, Tun Linn, Ong, Adrian Kheng-Yeow, Ng, Lee Ching, Leo, Yee Sin, Fink, Katja

“…Since secondary patients rapidly produced antibodies specific for the virus envelope (E) protein, an E-specific ELISA was superior compared to a virus particle-specific ELISA to identify patients with secondary infections. …”
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Specific inhibition of PI3K p110δ inhibits CSF‐1‐induced macrophage spreading and invasive capacity by Mouchemore, KA, Sampaio, N, Murrey, MW, Stanley, ER, Lannutti, BJ, Pixley, FJ

“…Treatment with p110δ‐specific inhibitors demonstrates that the hematopoietically enriched isoform, p110δ, mediates CSF‐1‐regulated spreading and invasion in macrophages. …”

Development of a Highly Specific RecombinantToxocara canis Second-Stage Larva Excretory-Secretory Antigen for Immunodiagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Araki, Kunioki, Lim, Patricia Kim Chooi, Zasmy, Ngah

“…The specificity of the recombinant Toxocara canis antigen developed for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis was compared with that of the excretory-secretory antigen from T. canis second-stage larvae (TES) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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Translation of culture-specific items in foreign publicity texts : a case study of a bite of China II episode 1 & 2 by Huang, Jingjing

“…The most obvious differences in cultures exist in the culture specific items (CSIs), which leads to complexities in transferring the semantic meanings and cultural concepts from one culture to another. …”
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The role of dendritic cells in determining the breadth and epitope specificity of the initial CD8+ T cell response during acute HIV-1 infection by Partridge, T

“…The earliest CD8⁺ T cell responses decrease in magnitude as viraemia begins to decline, and are followed by delayed expansion of subsequent waves of responses of broader epitope-specificity. In this thesis, the hypotheses that prevalent presentation of Nef-derived epitopes by dendritic cells (DCs) favours priming of Nef-biased CD8⁺ T cell responses in AHI, and that impairments in DC function after the first responses are primed delay expansion of responses of additional specificities, were explored. …”

Hormone replacement therapy and cancer mortality in women with 17 site-specific cancers: a cohort study using linked medical records by Cardwell, CR, Ranger, TA, Labeit, AM, Coupland, CAC, Hicks, B, Hughes, C, McMenamin, Ú, Mei, XW, Murchie, P, Hippisley-Cox, J

“…Therefore, we systematically examined HRT use and cancer-specific mortality in women with 17 site-specific cancers.…”

Whole-cell phenotypic screening of Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box identifies specific inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum late-stage development and egress by Patra, Alok Tanala, Hingamire, Tejashri, Belekar, Meenakshi A., Xiong, Aoli, Subramanian, Gowtham, Bozdech, Zbynek, Preiser, Peter, Shanmugam, Dhanasekaran, Chandramohanadas, Rajesh

“…We report a systematic, cellular phenotype-based antimalarial screening of the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box collection, which facilitated the identification of specific blockers of late-stage intraerythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum First, from standard growth inhibition assays, we identified 173 molecules with antimalarial activity (50% effective concentration [EC50] ≤ 10 μM), which included 62 additional molecules over previously known antimalarial candidates from the Pathogen Box. …”
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Divergent acute versus prolonged pharmacological GLP-1R responses in adult β cell-specific β-arrestin 2 knockout mice by Bitsi, Stavroula, El Eid, Liliane, Manchanda, Yusman, Oqua, Affiong I., Mohamed, Nimco, Hansen, Ben, Suba, Kinga, Rutter, Guy A., Salem, Victoria, Jones, Ben, Tomas, Alejandra

“…Here, we have assessed in vivo glycemic responses to the pharmacological GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 in adult β cell-specific β-arrestin 2 knockout (KO) mice. KOs displayed a sex-dimorphic phenotype consisting of weaker acute responses that improved 6 hours after agonist injection. …”
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The prospective associations of 24-hour movement behaviors and domain-specific activities with executive function and academic achievement among school-aged children in Singapore by Padmapriya, Natarajan, Bernard, Jonathan Y., Tan, Sarah Yi Xuan, Chu, Anne H. Y., Goh, Claire Marie Jie Lin, Tan, Shuen Lin, Shek, Lynette P., Chong, Yap Seng, Tan, Kok Hian, Chan, Shiao-Yng, Yap, Fabian, Godfrey, Keith M., Lee, Yung Seng, Meaney, Michael J., Eriksson, Johan G., Tan, Chuen Seng, Law, Evelyn C., Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk

“…Objective: We investigated the prospective associations of accelerometer-measured 24 h-movement behaviors and domain-specific PA and SB with executive function and academic achievement among school-aged children in Singapore. …”
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Adenovirus-associated health risks for recreational activities in a multi-use coastal watershed based on site-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment by Kundu, Arti., McBride, Graham., Wuertz, Stefan.

“…We used site-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to assess the probability of adenovirus illness for three groups of swimmers: adults with primary contact, children with primary contact, and secondary contact regardless of age. …”
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Immuno-protective effect of commercial IBD vaccines against emerging novel variant infectious bursal disease virus in specific-pathogen-free chickens by Aliyu, Hayatuddeen Bako, Hamisu, Tasiu Mallam, Hair-Bejo, Mohd, Omar, Abdul Rahman, Ideris, Aini

“…Objective: This study examined the immune protection of immune-complex (Vaccine A) and attenuated live (Vaccine B) IBD vaccines in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens against a novel Malaysian variant IBD virus (vaIBDV) challenge. …”
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Sequence- and structure-specific probing of RNAs by short nucleobase-modified dsRNA-binding PNAs incorporating a fluorescent light-up uracil analog by Krishna, Manchugondanahalli Shivakumar, Toh, Desiree-Faye Kaixin, Meng, Zhenyu, Ong, Alan Ann Lerk, Wang, Zhenzhang, Lu, Yunpeng, Xia, Kelin, Prabakaran, Mookkan, Chen, Gang

“…We have successfully developed nucleobase-modified dsRNA-binding PNAs (dbPNAs) to facilitate structure-specific and selective recognition of dsRNA over single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and dsDNA regions at near-physiological conditions. …”
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Exploring the induction of preproinsulin-specific Foxp3+ CD4+ Treg cells that inhibit CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes by DNA vaccination by Stifter, Katja, Schuster, Cornelia, Schlosser, Michael, Boehm, Bernhard Otto, Schirmbeck, Reinhold

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Incidence and mortality rates of 14 site-specific infectious diseases in 10 diverse areas of China: findings from China Kadoorie Biobank, 2006-2018 by Huang, R, Kartsonaki, C, Turnbull, I, Pei, P, Chen, Y, Liu, J, Du, H, Sun, D, Yang, L, Barnard, M, Lv, J, Yu, C, Chen, J, Li, L, Chen, Z, Bragg, F

“…The observed burden of, and disparities in, site-specific infections can inform targeted prevention efforts.…”

Relative deficiency in interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells is strongly associated with poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses in older adults by Ho, Vanda W. T., Boon, Low Heng, Cui, Jianzhou, Juequn, Zhou, Shunmuganathan, Bhuvaneshwari, Gupta, Rashi, Tan, Nikki Y. J., Qian, Xinlei, Purushotorman, Kiren, Fong, Siew-Wai, Renia, Laurent, Ng, Lisa F. P., Angeli, Veronique, Chen, Jinmiao, Kennedy, Brian K., Ong, Catherine W. M., Macary, Paul A.

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The cellular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in virus-infected cells using the receptor binding domain binding specific human monoclonal antibodies by Chan, Conrad En-Zuo, Ng, Ching-Ging, Lim, Angeline Pei-Chew, Seah, Shirley Lay-Kheng, Chye, De-Hoe, Wong, Steven Ka-Khuen, Lim, Jie-Hui, Lim, Vanessa Zi-Yun, Lai, Soak-Kuan, Wong, Pui-San, Leong, Kok-Mun, Liu, Yi-Chun, Sugrue, Richard J., Tan, Boon Huan

“…While all five antibodies bound conformational-specific epitopes within SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, only PD5, PD7, and SC23 were able to bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD). …”
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Analyses of human vaccine-specific circulating and bone marrow-resident B cell populations reveal benefit of delayed vaccine booster dosing with blood-stage malaria antigens by Barrett, JR, Silk, SE, Mkindi, CG, Kwiatkowska, KM, Hou, MM, Lias, AM, Kalinga, WF, Mtaka, IM, McHugh, K, Bardelli, M, Davies, H, King, LDW, Edwards, NJ, Chauhan, VS, Mukherjee, P, Rwezaula, S, Chitnis, CE, Olotu, AI, Minassian, AM, Draper, SJ, Nielsen, CM

“…Notably, a higher frequency of vaccine-specific (putatively long-lived) plasma cells was detected in the bone marrow of these delayed boosting vaccinees by ELISPOT and correlated strongly with serum IgG. …”