A Formal Framework for Modular Synchronous System Design by Marinescu, Maria-Cristina V, Rinard, Martin C

“…Our compiler automatically transforms modular and asynchronous specifications of circuits written in our specification language, into tightly coupled, fully synchronous implementations in synthesizable Verilog. …”
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Improving the productivity of high-level synthesis by advancing reuseability and verifiability by Yang, Liwei

“…Following algorithmic specifications, designers perform architectural specification including hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning. …”
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Design of circular polarized micro-strip antenna by Shanmugam Bhaskar Vignesh

“…The antenna has fulfilled the design specifications suitable for applications of Wireless Power Transmission in the ISM band.…”
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Sure (EM)-Autometrics: An Automated Model Selection Procedure with Expectation Maximization Algorithm Estimation Method (S/O 14925) by Kamarudin, Nur Azulia

“…Three econometric models have been utilised as a testbed for true specification search. The results were divided into four categories where a tight significance level of 1% had contributed a high percentage of all equations in the model contain variables precisely comparable to the true specifications. …”
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Feasibility of Vector Instruction-Set Semantics Using Abstract Monads by De Belen, Arthur Reiner

“…Formalizations of instruction-set semantics help establish formal proofs of correctness of both hardware designed to implement these instruction sets and the software implemented against this specification. One such prior work1 formalizes a specification of a subset of the RISC-V instruction-set architecture using a general-purpose language, Haskell, using its monad and typeclass support to abstract over effects. …”
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Symbolic verification and strategy synthesis for turn-based stochastic games by Kwiatkowska, M, Norman, G, Parker, D, Santos, G

“…Probabilistic model checking techniques for this class of models allow us to formally specify quantitative specifications of either collective or individual behaviour and then automatically synthesise strategies for the agents under which these specifications are guaranteed to be satisfied. …”

A study of air molecular contamination (AMC) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in new AMC/VOC controlled cleanroom by Wong, Chee Kong

“…The required VOC specifications of the new cleanroom were met based on test results from 1 to 4. …”
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Solublizing the insoluble by Ang, Grace Pei Ting

“…Biochemical and structural research on target proteins has often been hindered by the difficulties faced in protein purification as proteins are known to aggregate in unsuitable environments. …”
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Co-translational integration of the light harvesting complex II and its associated pigments into polymeric membranes by Zapf, Thomas

“…Centrifugal microfiltration in means of polymersome purification as well as the development of a novel silica nanoparticles based purification method are further presented in this work. …”
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Design and construction of a low cost compliant hand robot by Yu, Wei Shin., Choo, Fook Hoong.

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A microfluidic platform to study pathogen-host interactions at single cell level by Zhang, Rui

“…On-chip quantitative PCR was carried out with species-specific primer and probe sets to quantify the adhered bacteria. …”
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A heuristic-based scheduling algorithm for high level synthesis of digital systems by Gulam Mohamed.

“…High level synthesis involves tasks that will transform an abstract or algorithmic level specification to a register transfer level structure while at the same time satisfying a set of constraints and achieving a set of goals. …”
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Rationale management tool for software engineering by Fwu, Stanislaus Benfa.

“…It is normally stored in the form of functional specification document or the design specification document. …”
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Synthesis and application of titanium dioxide nanotube and composites by Liang, Kun

“…The second application is on photocatalysis for water purification. Various TiO2 nanotube and TiO2-carbon composite with 3D structures (TiO2 nanotube– CNT, 3D Graphite – TiO2 coating and CNT – TiO2 coating) were fabricated and tested for their photocatalytic properties in water purification. …”
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A comparative study on parameter recovery of three approaches to structural equation modeling by Malhotra, Naresh K., Tomiuk, Marc A., Hwang, Heungsun, Kim, Youngchan, Hong, Sungjin

“…The authors conduct a simulation study to evaluate the relative performance of these three approaches in terms of parameter recovery under different experimental conditions of sample size, data distribution, and model specification. In this study, model specification is the only meaningful condition in differentiating the performance of the three approaches in parameter recovery. …”
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Single-stage and cascade design of high order multiplierless linear phase FIR filters using genetic algorithm by Ye, Wen Bin, Yu, Ya Jun

“…In a practical filter design problem, when the filter specification is stringent, requiring high filter order and wide coefficient wordlength, GAs often fail to find feasible solutions, because the discrete search space thus constructed is huge and the majority of the solution candidates therein can not meet the specification. …”
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Reactive synthesis of dominant strategies by Aminof, B, De Giacomo, G, Rubin, S

“…We study the synthesis under environment specifications problem for LTL/LTLf which, in particular, generalizes FOND (strong) planning with these temporal goals. …”

Healthcare survey management system by Tai, Rebekah Shi Ting

“…It consists of HSMS design methodology, overall description, technical specification, requirement specification, explanation on the design and implementation of the interfaces and features of the system. …”
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Polyphenoloxidase from guava (Psidium guajava L.) by Augustin, M.A., Ghazali, Hasanah M., Hashim, Hasimah

“…Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was isolated from guava (Psidium guajava L., cv. Kampuchea). Purification by acetone precipitation and dialysis of the Amicon concentrate resulted in 4.9‐fold and 17.2‐fold purification of the dialysed crude extract respectively. …”

Establishment of optimise strategies in production of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen for chip-based antibody detection approach by Tam, Yew Joon

“…In this, the HBsAg protein plays a vital role as the basic component for anti-HBs detection assays due to its high reactivity and specificity. As such, the present thesis focuses on assessing and optimising key areas related to the downstream processing conditions specifically in the production of HBsAg from recombinant Pichia pastoris and in the establishment of chip-based anti-HBs detection prototype. …”
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