Vectors of power and specters of control. by Tan, Jonathan Wei Peng.

“…Mirroring Singapore's process to bring its topography under control are individual breakthroughs in conquering the orchid. …”
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High performance nano-scale measurements by advanced atomic force estimation by Cui, Song

“…The AFM system deploys a tiny probe to interact with the sample such that topography information of the sample can be obtained. …”
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Fabrication of artificial defects in aircraft components for nondestructive testing using 3D printing by Chan, Marcus Jia Jun

“…An Ultrasonic C-scan was also being performed to understand correctly the topography provided in the results. It was found that despite being able to correctly measure the component’s depth, the topography was found to be distorted due to a combination of beam spread and machine measurement errors. …”
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Metasomatism of the continental crust and its impact on surface uplift: insights from reactive‐transport modelling by Worthington, JR, Chin, EJ, Palin, RM

“…High-elevation, low-relief continental plateaus are major topographic features and profoundly influence atmospheric circulation, sediment transport and storage, and biodiversity. …”

Study of LIDAR mapping technology by Lin, Xinyuan.

“…High-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) are essential for many topographic applications such as flood modeling. LIDAR is one of the latest optical remote sensing technologies that used to generate DTM. …”
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Effects of tool wear on roughness of machined surfaces by Soh, Kok Hua.

“…This project aims to correlate surface roughness of work piece to the worn out Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) cutting tools which is obtained by cutting Metal Matrix Composite. Surface Topography of the specimens will also be investigated using SEM.…”
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Wettability modification of glass surfaces by deposition of transparent conducting oxides using laser texturing by Abdul Fattah, Mohamad Tahir, Syarifah Nur Aqida, Syed Ahmad, Izwan, Ismail

“…The modified glass surface demonstrated the ability to produce tunable wettability by altering its surface topography and surface chemistry using TCO.…”
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Global whole lithosphere isostasy : implications for surface elevations, structure, strength, and densities of the continental lithosphere by Lamb, Simon, Moore, James Daniel Paul, Perez-Gussinye, Marta, Stern, Tim

“…We use a global model of WLI as a framework to assess factors controlling topography, showing that plausible regional variations in crustal and mantle densities, together with uncertainties in the crustal and conductive lithospheric thicknesses, are sufficient to account for global elevations without invoking dynamic topography greater than a few hundred meters. …”
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Biomimetic nanocomposites to control osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by Liao, Susan, Nguyen, Luong T. H., Ngiam, Michelle, Wang, Charlene, Cheng, Ziyuan, Chan, Casey K., Ramakrishna, Seeram

“…Here, the production of materials based on nano-hydroxyapatite composites in scaffolds with nanofibrous and nanoporous topographies, designed to mimic the native bone matrix for applications in bone tissue engineering, is reported. …”
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Analysis and mitigation of spatial integration errors for the material point method by Baumgarten, Aaron S., Kamrin, Ken

“…The material point method (MPM) is a robust numerical simulation approach for continuum mechanics problems involving large material deformations coupled to changing surface topographies. These types of problems are present in many different engineering contexts, from understanding the failure processes of earthen slopes to predicting the strengths and failure mechanisms of body armor to modeling the impact forces of waves in fluid tanks. …”
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A numerical modeling approach for better differentiation of boulders transported by a tsunami, storm, and storm-induced energetic infragravity waves by Watanabe, Masashi, Goto, Kazuhisa, Roeber, Volker, Kan, Hironobu, Imamura, Fumihiko

“…When the dimensionless transport distance of a boulder (=transport distance of a boulder/offshore wave height) is less than 4.0 × 10 over planar topography and 3.0 × 10 over reef topography, both waves can potentially be responsible for the transport distance. …”
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Micro-systems mechanics VOLUME III by Lin, Rongming, David J. Ewins

“…At this flying height, the topography of the surface of the disk and the slider head has to be taken into consideration. …”
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Characterization of sputtered, doped BaTiO3 films for multiferroic applications by Haghighi, Sara Borhani

“…The relationship between the film structure and sputtering parameters is the main theme of this report, but surface topography and limited ferroelectric and magnetic properties were also determined.…”
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Electrostatic adhesion pad for wall climbing robot by Suriyono

“…This design was based on hybrid adhesion without the fibril, instead, it made use of compliancy of elastomer material to accommodate surface topography. As adhesion panel with payload up to 100 times of its weight () was achieved. …”
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The Viking Great Army north of the Tyne: A Viking camp in Northumberland? by Kershaw, J, Jarman, C, Weber, H, Horton, M

“…This paper introduces the site, its topography and small finds and details the results from initial geophysics and lidar surveys. …”

Hydrous melting driven upwelling from the mantle transition zone in the Mongolia plateau revealed by receiver function analysis by He, Jing, Xu, Mijian, Wu, Qingju, Zhang, Fengxue

“…We use receiver function to investigate the MTZ structure beneath the Mongolia Plateau using earthquakes recorded by 223 stations deployed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The topographies of the 410 km (D410) and 660 km (D660) discontinuities are both characterized by slight depressions in most parts of the Mongolia Plateau. …”
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Sol gel dielectrics for organic field effect transistors : investigations of device performance enhancement, molecular organization and interfacial chemistry effects by Cahyadi, Tommy

“…The smoother film surfaces of sol-gel silica (~1.9 Å root-mean-square) and low surface energy (water contact angle of ~75°) have been shown to allow effective modification of bottom layer topography without being limited by the chemistry required for self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalization, while simultaneously fine-tuning the dielectric surface, thus resulting in planarization of dielectric surface roughness in stacked gate dielectric applications.…”
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Surface modification and characterization of polypropylene fibers by Tan, Terry Jian Hong.

“…Surface characterization were carried out using the SEM for surface topography as well as the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or XPS to get some insights of the chemical characteristics of the treated PP fiber surface. …”
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Biofilms: Microbial Cities Wherein Flow Shapes Competition by Chew, Su Chuen, Yang, Liang

“…However, two recent publications demonstrate how hydrodynamic flow and substrate topography can also alter the competitive outcomes of different bacterial phenotypes, increasing biofilm phenotypic variation.…”
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Eddy transport with a beta effect: a joint experimental and numerical study by Qian, C

“…The measurements with a topographic beta effect are more consistent with a generalized Fickian assumption as well as the energetic constraints theory, which imply the support for its application towards eddy closure for climate studies.…”