Soft law, hard stakes? State commitment to non-binding international instruments and the case of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by Villeneuve, L

“…<p>Soft law is a common feature of international governance, occupying a grey zone between the realms of politics and law. The multifaceted concept can refer to vague provisions or norms generally, but is most useful when defined as international instruments adopted in a non-binding form. …”

Unravelling giant molecular clouds by Liang, F

“…In this thesis, I study the cold molecular gas content in the nearby universe, including three megamaser-host galaxies, one early-type galaxy, and the central molecular zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way (MW). The spatial scales probed by the analyses range from kpc-scale gas discs (i.e. the environment GMCs reside in) to sub-pc clumps within GMCs.…”

Belgrave's quest for moral order in Bahrain, 1926-1957 by Fakhro, E

“…In this area, the thesis describes how colonial officials regulated and restricted prostitution as an undesirable activity, including by confining the practice to a geographic zone, subjecting prostitute women to mandatory health screenings, and justifying these actions as necessary to curb an epidemic of venereal diseases.…”

Isolation of Bifidobacteria infantis and its antagonistic activity against ETEC 0157 and Salmonella typhimurium S-285 in weaning foods by Mohd Yusof, Rokiah, Haque, Formuzul, Ismail, Maznah, Hassan, Zaiton

“…Using carbohydrate fermentation profile test API-CH-50 kits, 20 Bifidobacteria strains had been identified: they were the species of Bifidobacteria infantis and two different sub-species, mainly infantis and lacentis. Based on a wide zone of inhibition, three suitable strains of B. infantis, Bifi-11, Bifi-19 and Bifi-20, were tested in weaning foods for antimicrobial activity towards two human pathogens: E. coli-0157 (World Health Organization) and Salmonella typhimurium S-285. …”

Antibacterial effect of ethanolic Gnetum gnemon L. leaf extract on food-borne pathogens and its application as a natural preservative on raw quail eggs by Trisha, Mansura Rahman, Deavyndra Gunawan, Vyenna, Wong, Jun Xian, Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri, Rukayadi, Yaya

“…Total plate count (TPC) was conducted to measure microbial populations and evaluate the efficacy of EGLE as a natural preservative in raw quail eggs. 100 g of dried and powdered sample yielded an average of 11.58 ± 0.38 % post-extraction. The inhibition zone in WDA ranged from 11.00 ± 0.57–13.50 ± 0.58 mm, MIC ranged from 6.25 to 50.00 mg/mL, and MBC values were between 12.5 and >50 mg/mL. …”
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Orally dissolving yoghurt strip: a new approach in delivery of probiotics by Saleena, Lejaniya Abdul Kalam, Nyam, Kar Lin, Yusof, Yus Aniza, Song, Adelene Ai-Lian, In, Lionel Lian Aun, Pui, Liew Phing

“…The oral strip developed with S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus, and L. lactis had viability of 8.57 ± 0.04, 8.35 ± 0.04 and 8.44 ± 0.04 (log CFU/strip). Antibacterial zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 12.00 ± 1.00 mm and 11.67 ± 0.58 mm accordingly. …”

Synergistic antibacterial effect of Persicaria odorata synthesised silver nanoparticles with antibiotics on drug-resistant bacteria. by Abdul Hadi, Atieya, Nik Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam, Matmin, Juan, Asraf, Muhammad Hariz, Susanto, Hendra, Mohammad Din, Shahrulnizahana, Shamsuddin, Mustaffa

“…However, the disc diffusion result exhibit a significant increase in the inhibition zone when ampicillin-AgNPs, cefoxitin-AgNPs and chloramphenicol-AgNPs were used in combination. …”

Novel genetic associations for blood pressure identified via gene-alcohol interaction in up to 570K individuals across multiple ancestries by Feitosa, Mary F., Kraja, Aldi T., Chasman, Daniel I., Sung, Yun J., Winkler, Thomas W., Ntalla, Ioanna, Guo, Xiuqing, Franceschini, Nora, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Sim, Xueling, Vojinovic, Dina, Marten, Jonathan, Musani, Solomon K., Li, Changwei, Bentley, Amy R., Brown, Michael R., Schwander, Karen, Richard, Melissa A., Noordam, Raymond, Aschard, Hugues, Bartz, Traci M., Bielak, Lawrence F., Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Fisher, Virginia, Hartwig, Fernando P., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Lohman, Kurt K., Manning, Alisa K., Rankinen, Tuomo, Smith, Albert V., Tajuddin, Salman M., Wojczynski, Mary K., Alver, Maris, Boissel, Mathilde, Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Chai, Jin Fang, Chen, Xu, Divers, Jasmin, Gao, Chuan, Goel, Anuj, Hagemeijer, Yanick, Harris, Sarah E., He, Meian, Hsu, Fang-Chi, Jackson, Anne U., Kähönen, Mika, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kühnel, Brigitte, Laguzzi, Federica, Luan, Jian'an, Matoba, Nana, Nolte, Ilja M., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Muhammad Riaz, Rueedi, Rico, Robino, Antonietta, Said, M. Abdullah, Scott, Robert A., Sofer, Tamar, Stančáková, Alena, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tayo, Bamidele O., van der Most, Peter J., Varga, Tibor V., Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Yajuan, Ware, Erin B., Warren, Helen R., Weiss, Stefan, Wen, Wanqing, Yanek, Lisa R., Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Afaq, Saima, Amin, Najaf, Amini, Marzyeh, Arking, Dan E., Aung, Tin, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borecki, Ingrid, Broeckel, Ulrich, Brown, Morris, Brumat, Marco, Burke, Gregory L., Canouil, Mickaël, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Charumathi, Sabanayagam, Ida Chen, Yii-Der, Connell, John M., Correa, Adolfo, de Las Fuentes, Lisa, de Mutsert, Renée, de Silva, H Janaka, Deng, Xuan, Ding, Jingzhong, Duan, Qing, Eaton, Charles B., Ehret, Georg, Eppinga, Ruben N., Evangelou, Evangelos, Faul, Jessica D., Felix, Stephan B., Forouhi, Nita G., Forrester, Terrence, Franco, Oscar H., Friedlander, Yechiel, Gandin, Ilaria, Gao, He, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Gigante, Bruna, Gu, C. Charles, Gu, Dongfeng, Hagenaars, Saskia P., Hallmans, Göran, Harris, Tamara B., He, Jiang, Heikkinen, Sami, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hirata, Makoto, Howard, Barbara V, Ikram, M. Arfan, John, Ulrich, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Koh, Woon-Puay, Krieger, José E., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Kubo, Michiaki, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lakka, Timo A., Langefeld, Carl D., Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Lehne, Benjamin, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Yize, Lin, Shiow, Liu, Jianjun, Liu, Jingmin, Loh, Marie, Louie, Tin, Mägi, Reedik, McKenzie, Colin A., Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Mohlke, Karen L., Momozawa, Yukihide, Nalls, Mike A., Nelson, Christopher P., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Norris, Jill M., O'Connell, Jeff R., Palmer, Nicholette D., Perls, Thomas, Pedersen, Nancy L., Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Poulter, Neil, Raffel, Leslie J., Raitakari, Olli T., Roll, Kathryn, Rose, Lynda M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Rotter, Jerome I., Schmidt, Carsten O., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schupf, Nicole, Scott, William R., Sever, Peter S., Shi, Yuan, Sidney, Stephen, Sims, Mario, Sitlani, Colleen M., Smith, Jennifer A., Snieder, Harold, Starr, John M., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Tan, Nicholas Y. Q., Tang, Hua, Taylor, Kent D., Teo, Yik Ying, Tham, Yih Chung, Turner, Stephen T., Uitterlinden, André G., Vollenweider, Peter, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wang, Lihua, Wang, Ya Xing, Wei, Wen Bin, Williams, Christine, Yao, Jie, Yu, Caizheng, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zhao, Wei, Zonderman, Alan B., Becker, Diane M., Boehnke, Michael, Bowden, Donald W., Chambers, John C., Deary, Ian J., Esko, Tõnu, Farrall, Martin, Franks, Paul W., Freedman, Barry I., Froguel, Philippe, Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, Christian, Jonas, Jost Bruno, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kato, Norihiro, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kutalik, Zoltán, Laakso, Markku, Laurie, Cathy C., Leander, Karin, Lehtimäki, Terho, Study, Lifelines Cohort, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Polasek, Ozren, Porteous, David J., Rauramaa, Rainer, Samani, Nilesh J., Scott, James, Shu, Xiao-Ou, van der Harst, Pim, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Wareham, Nicholas J., Watkins, Hugh, Weir, David R., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Wu, Tangchun, Zheng, Wei, Bouchard, Claude, Christensen, Kaare, Evans, Michele K., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Horta, Bernardo L., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Liu, Yongmei, Pereira, Alexandre C., Psaty, Bruce M., Ridker, Paul M., van Dam, Rob M., Gauderman, W. James, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Fornage, Myriam, Rotimi, Charles N., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Kelly, Tanika N., Fox, Ervin R., Hayward, Caroline, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Tai, E. Shyong, Wong, Tien Yin, Kooperberg, Charles, Palmas, Walter, Rice, Kenneth, Morrison, Alanna C., Elliott, Paul, Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Rao, Dabeeru C., Province, Michael A., Levy, Daniel

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Water surge risk mapping using GIS-based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis approach by Syarifuddin, Misbari, Siti Sarah, Abd Razak, Muhammad Fuad Fahmi, Jaafar, Nadiatul Adilah, Ahmad Abdul Ghani, Mohd Faizal, Jamlos

“…Pandan Waterfall area falls into medium-risk water surge zones due to combination of three main factors including terrain elevation, land use or rainfall pattern. …”
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Six-year removal of co-dominant grasses alleviated competitive pressure on subdominant grasses but dominant shrub removal had neutral effects in a subalpine ecosystem by Li, Wenjin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Png, Kenny Guochen, Yan, Xi, Dong, Huan, Li, Jinhua, Zhou, Huakun, Sierra, Rubén Díaz

“…We conducted a dominant species removal experiment in a subalpine ecosystem, containing a mosaic of grass-dominated and shrub-dominated community patches, both of which are common in the subalpine zone of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We examined the direction and magnitude of the effects of three co-dominant grass and a dominant shrub species on subordinate species richness and biomass over a 6-year period. …”
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Data-driven forward and inverse analysis of two-dimensional soil consolidation using physics-informed neural network by Wang, Yu, Shi, Chao, Shi, Jiangwei, Lu, Hu

“…Furthermore, a real example shows that PINN is capable of discovering the nonlinear decay of horizontal permeability around a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) based on limited data, tackling the challenge of specifying a smear zone and its permeability distribution in PVD design.…”
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Observation of flat bands and Dirac cones in a pyrochlore lattice superconductor by Huang, Jianwei, Setty, Chandan, Deng, Liangzi, You, Jing-Yang, Liu, Hongxiong, Shao, Sen, Oh, Ji Seop, Guo, Yucheng, Zhang, Yichen, Yue, Ziqin, Yin, Jia-Xin, Hashimoto, Makoto, Lu, Donghui, Gorovikov, Sergey, Dai, Pengcheng, Denlinger, Jonathan D., Allen, J. W., Hasan, M. Zahid, Feng, Yuan-Ping, Birgeneau, Robert J., Shi, Youguo, Chu, Ching-Wu, Chang, Guoqing, Si, Qimiao, Yi, Ming

“…Meanwhile, the nonsymmorphic symmetry of the pyrochlore lattice guarantees all band crossings at the Brillouin zone X point to be 3D gapless Dirac points, which was predicted theoretically but never yet observed experimentally. …”
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vSwitch and software-defined network access control with openFlow by Nguyen, Bao Tri

“…Science-DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) addresses this problem by having a different design in which a portion of the network – DMZ is separated from the main network. …”
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Development of localization algorithms for a WiFi based indoor positioning system with machine learning techniques by Lu, Xiaoxuan

“…Firstly, under the assumption that noises merely lie in input data, we modify ELM by introducing a dead zone, which is called DZ-ELM, and integrate it into our IPS. …”
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Numerical study of trapped vortex combustors characteristics in small ramjets by Chen, Song

“…The centrifugal force effects, however, generate a short recirculation zone in the main combustor and concentrate the fuel stream on the combustor axis, which leads to deteriorate fuel-air mixing.…”
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Rainfall-induced slope failures and preventive measures in Singapore by Harianto, Rahardjo, Leong, Eng Choon, Alfrendo, Satyanaga, Ng, Yew Song, Tan, Hong Tuan, Hua, Chai Juay

“…The negative pore-water pressure (matric suction) above the water table provides additional shear strength to the unsaturated soil. The unsaturated soil zone is also influenced by the ground surface moisture flux boundary condition changes (i.e. infiltration, evaporation and transpiration). …”
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Two kinds of phase transition in photonic systems with application to optical isolation by Zhou, Xin

“…In the third part, we study the realization of an unpaired Dirac cone at the center of the first Brillouin zone, using a gyromagnetic photonic crystal with broken square sub-lattice symmetry and broken time reversal symmetry. …”
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A network-based approach to interpreting pore blockage and cake filtration during membrane fouling by Han, Qi, Li, Weiyi, Trinh, Thien An, Liu, Xin, Chew, Jia Wei

“…Three fouling parameters can be obtained to characterize the fouling behavior, namely, the probabilistic factor for deposition in the dead zone (β), the initial cake resistance (Rc0), and the specific cake resistance with respect to cake thickness (R′c), by best-fitting the experimental flux-decline data to the network model. …”
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Holocene rate of slip and tentative recurrence interval for large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault, Cajon Pass, southern California by Sieh, Kerry, Weldon, Ray J.

“…Detailed mapping of the San Andreas fault zone, where it crosses Cajon Creek in Southern California, has revealed a number of late Quaternary deposits and geomorphological features offset by the fault. …”
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A circular ferrofluid driven microchip for rapid polymerase chain reaction by Sun, Yi, Kwok, Yien Chian, Nguyen, Nam-Trung

“…A small ferrofluid plug, containing sub-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier, is driven by an external magnet along the circular microchannel, which in turn propels the PCR mixture through three temperature zones. Amplification of a 500 bp lambda DNA fragment has been demonstrated on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) PCR microchip fabricated by CO2 laser ablation and bonded by a low pressure, high temperature technique. …”
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