The mechanisms of neuropathic pain: an overview for psychiatrists by Pridmore, Saxby A., Pasha, Iqbal, Kahn, Umeed

“…Results: Neuroplastic changes are described under the headings of: ectopic discharge, sensitizationof sensory terminals, cross-excitation, neurotransmitter change, coupling between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems, spinal cord reorganization, spinal cord increased excitability, spinal cord decreased inhibition,supraspinal influences. …”
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A case of an SMA child with a unique clinical and radiological manifestation by Taib, Mai Nurul Ashikin, Sivapunniam, Selva Kumar, Sharifudin, Mohd Ariff, Abdul Aziz, Azian

“…Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder with variable clinical severity. …”
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Development of green transportation system by Rahman, Mohammed Ataur, Ahmed, Helmi, Rafia, Afroz, Alam, A. H. M. Zahirul, Rashid, Muhammad Mahbubur

“…The high acceleration periods of the green transport (EV) needs powerful electrical currents, causes temperature spike of the cells of LiFePO4. The cell temperature spike is due to internal resistance and electrochemical reaction which causes the battery performance decline. …”
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Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's understanding of trigonometry by Isqeel , Abdullateef Ayodele, Faris, Waleed Fekry

“…The objective of this chapter is to investigate the understanding of Nasir aI-Din al-Tusi's work in trigonometry and to derive and analyze the scope of sine law which initiated by al - Tusi. The significance of this chapter is the usefulness of the sine law to various fields such as astronomy, geography and medicine. …”
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Ripple voltage and its elimination in low voltage power supply by Torla, Ahmad Lutfi, Khan, Sheroz, Abdul Muthalif, Asan Gani

“…The simulation is operated with a 100mV input sine wave with an output of 1.622 V DC is obtained. …”
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Antivirals for broader coverage against human coronaviruses by Outteridge, Mia, Nunn, Christine M., Devine, Kevin G., Patel, Bhaven, McLean, Gary R.

“…Spike is also not applicable for targeting other HCoVs as these are not well-conserved sequences among human CoVs. …”
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Syringomyelia in pregnancy - is caesarean section the best option for delivery - a case report by Bilal, Hakim Gharib, Ramli, Roszaman, Abd. Wahab, Noraziana, Che Yaakob, Che Anuar, Abdullah, Jefri

“…Syringomyelia is a rare neurological disease, which is characterized by the formation of a cyst in the spinal cord. The aetiology of the disease still remains controversial. …”
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Effect of adding global postural re-education to Kendall exercises for treating asymptomatic forward head posture: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial by Abu-Taleb, Walaa, Yamany, Abeer Abdelrahman, Aneis, Yasser M., Abu El Kasem, Shimaa T.

“…Conclusions: The added effect GPR technique to Kendall exercises significantly improved CVA, CROM, NDI, chest expansion, and spinal mobility in subjects with FHP.…”
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Digital implementation of space vector pulse width modulation technique using 8-bit microcontroller by Faris, Waleed Fekry, Tahir, Ahmad M., Badran, Marwan A A

“…The inverter includes a low-pass LC-filter which is used to give a sine waveform output. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed system to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.…”
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Fast UWB wireless connectivity for MIMO multi-user by Mohammed, Ahmed R., Al-Khateeb, Khalid A. Saeed, Islam, Md. Rafiqul, Khan, Sheroz, Al-Khateeb, Wajdi Fawzi Mohammed, Alam, A. H. M. Zahirul, Hameed, Shihab A.

“…The proposed UWB pulses are portions of sine waves, which is a novel application of simple pulse shapes based on half rectified or mono cycle sine waves in the GHz range. …”
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Biomedical Analysis of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) Cage for Lumbar Vertebrae by Zulkefli, Aiman Asiqin, Mazlan, Muhammad Hazli, Takano, Hiromitsu, Md Salleh, Nur Saliha, Jalil, Muhammad Hilmi

“…Objective: To develop the interbody cages implanted between the lumbar vertebrae by evaluating the strength of the bone model and the spinal cage. Materials and methods: In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was applied using Mechanical Finder software (MF) to develop a 3D spine model lumbar vertebrae of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae (L4 - L5) with various interbody cage designs, including honeycomb and rectilinear patterns with 50%, 70%, and 100% infill densities. …”
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Analysis re-entrant honeycomb auxetic structure for Lumbar vertebrae using finite element analysis by Zulkefli, Ai’man A’siqin, Mazlan, Muhammad Hazli, Takano, Hiromitsu, Abdullah, Abdul Halim, Jalil, Muhammad Hilmi, Mazlan, Mohammad Azeeb

“…Lumbar spinal fusion is a frequent surgical solution among people who are experiencing severe persistent lower back pain. …”
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Case report of huge cervical dumbbell tumor in neurofibromatosis. Give up surgery? by Johari, Joehaimey, Omar, Ahmad Sabri, Hau, Mohammad Anwar, Sharifudin, Mohd Ariff

“…Neurofibromas that arise from the spinal canal may be intradural or extradural and most commonly in the cervical spine (44%), followed by the thoracic spine (27%) and the lumbar spine (21%). …”
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Spores that crush the spine in infancy: a diagnostic dilemma for an infant with special tuberculosis by Mohamed, Mossad Abdelhak Shaban, Mossad, Manar

“…The case highlights the dilemma with the diagnosis we encountered until establish the final diagnosis which is spinal tuberculosis. We highlighted a lot of important lessons.…”
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Functional electrical stimulation system and profile for walking by Abdul Malik, Noreha

“…Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) helps to restore muscle function for dropped foot correction in patients having neurological disorders such as cerebro-vascular accident or stroke, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury by stimulating the tibialis anterior muscle or common peroneal nerve. …”
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Fast spiral-scan atomic force microscopy by Mahmood, Iskandar Al-Thani, Moheimani, S.O. Reza

“…A spiral scan can be produced by applying single frequency cosine and sine signals with slowly varying amplitudes to the x -axis and y -axis of an atomic force microscope (AFM) scanner respectively. …”
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Identifying key drivers of food price inflation in Malaysia by Norazman, Umi Zakiah, Khalid, Haniza, Mat Ghani, Gairuzazmi

“…In Malaysia, food price inflation reached its highest level at 8.8% in mid-2008 compared to overall inflation of 5.5% for the same period, mainly blamed on the spike in world commodity prices. However, recent moves by the government to rationalize food and energy subsidies have also led to higher than normal headline inflation figures and cause public concern. …”
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Decoy ACE2-expressing extracellular vesicles that competitively bind SARS-CoV-2 as a possible COVID-19 therapy by Inal, Jameel

“…As for SARS-CoV that caused the SARS 2003 epidemic, the receptor on host cells that promotes uptake, through attachment of the spike (S) protein of the virus, is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). …”
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On the quantum phase fluctuations of coherent light coupled to a degenerate parametric amplifier by Alam, Mohosin, Mandal, Swapan, Wahiddin, Mohamed Ridza

“…On the other hand, the sine and cosine of the phase operators are evaluated under Barnett-Pegg formalism. …”
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Design of shunt active power filter to mitigate the harmonics caused by nonlinear loads by Mohamed, Mohamed Asghaiyer

“…Application of non-linear electrical devices has led to a distortion in the output sine waveforms of source current and voltage. It may lead equipment (connected to it) to overheat and sometimes cause damage. …”
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