Ijtihad: a reflection on its role and scope by Ali, Mohd Mumtaz

“…This paper contends that only the application of ijtihad as the main methodology of thought and action would enhance consciousness of social obligations of individuals, policy makers, scientists, and political authorities, and would guarantee real civilizational development. …”
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The effect of water and citric acid on sago starch bio-plastics by Ahmad, Zuraida, Yusof, Yusliza, Anuar, Hazleen, Razali, Muhammad Khairul Muhaimin

“…In this research, bio-plastic starch (BPS) was produced from melt processing of Malaysian sago starch with the additions of glycerol as plasticizer and water as well as citric acid (CA) as a secondary additive. The main objective was to investigate the influence of CA and water contents with presence of glycerol on the mechanical properties of BPS. …”
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Pretreatment of seawater: Results of pilot trials in Singapore by Chua, K T, Hawlader, Mohammad Nurul Alam, Malek, A

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Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic fingerprinting of three Malaysia ginger (zingiber officinale rosc.) cultivars by Budi Muljono, Julia Retno Andayani, Ishak, Mahdi

“…Fatty acids and sugars (mono− and disaccharides) as the main constituents of the ginger leaf tissues besides a small amount of essential amino acids as well as some organic acids. …”
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Lightweight biodegradable cotton/albumen board (CAB) for sustainable environment by Yusof, Yusliza, Ahmad, Zuraida, Sopyan, Iis

“…These materials also can form the basis for sustainable and ecoefficient products that often results in lightweight structures having high stiffness and tailored properties for specific applications. Thereby, main objective of this work is to develop biodegradable board materials from cotton fiber reinforced egg albumen composites. …”
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Wall climbing robot by Rahman, Md. Mozasser

“…The robot is controlled using PIC16F877A. The main body of the robot carries the motor and important electronic components. …”
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Efficient lot batching system for furnace operation by Ibrahim, Kader, Chik, Mohd Azizi, Nizam, Wan Shamsir, Nyioh, Li Fem, Za'bah, Nor Farahidah

“…Emphasis on-customer delivery date, bottleneck tool and batching behavior was given in rule building for the overall systems implementation in diffusion furnace operation. The main component of this project is the rule built considering queue time restriction between pre-clean and furnace operation, allowable waiting time to maximize the batch, queue time consideration to next process such as polysilicon deposition, furnaces due for scheduled maintenance, bottleneck tool idling, process cycle time versus lot priority considerations and etc. …”
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Image processing for chatter identification in machining processes by Khalifa, Othman Omran, Densibali , Amirasyid, Faris, Waleed Fekry

“…Identifying chatter or intensive self-excited relative tool–workpiece vibration is one of the main challenges in the realization of automatic machining processes. …”
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Factors influencing the perception of medical tourist in selection of their destination : a global perspective by Abd. Manaf, Noor Hazilah, Omar, Azura, Al Mamun Sarwar, Abdullah

“…It is organized into three main sections. First section focuses on the concepts, definitions and integrates the foregoing definitions of medical tourism and concepts of tourist’s perception of destination selection criteria and the theoretical framework. …”
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Ethical issues in corporate governance principles: with reference to directorsʼ duties by Hassan, Halyani, Ibrahim, Ahmad

“…Hence, the corporate governance principles which emphasis on accountability and transparency had actually been mooted from values such as integrity, honesty and fairness. The main terms of reference of this paper are corporate governance principles, directorsʼ duties and ethical issues. …”
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Ownership V control: fault lines in directors shareholders relationship: a special reference to Malaysian family business by Hassan, Halyani, Abd Ghadas, Zuhairah Ariff

“…This paper intends to highlight the fault lines which could occur between directors and shareholder in family owned companies. The main term of reference of this paper is the corporate governance principles and practices. …”
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Idea of thaqâfah and culture in the Muslim and Western conception by Mohammed Hussein Boayo, Suleiman

“…This is so partly because of its intricate historical development. Our main aim in this paper is therefore to focus on the problem of the concept of the term thaqâfah, how it was used in Islamic history, when it acquired its recent concept and the Western connotation as a social phenomenon and the reaction of the Muslim scholars to that acquisition.…”
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VoIP in next generation converged networks by Toral-Cruz, Homero, Ramirez-Pacheco, Julio, Velarde-Alvarado, Pablo, Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan

“…This chapter describes the main heterogeneous networks (PSTN, SS7, ISDN, IP Network, WLAN, GSM, GPRS and UMTS) in terms of their components and services. …”
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Agriculture wastes and role of environmental law in Malaysia by Mustafa, Maizatun, Ariffin Ho, Mariani

“…However, while in reality agricultural wastes have been a relatively main component of environmental pollutants in Malaysia,this Act does not contain any specific provision on 'agricultural wastes' even though there exist several regulations under the Act pertaining to 'wastes' in general. …”
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Analysis of engagement factor in trajectory tracking-based experiment by Ismail, Elliana, Sidek, Shahrul Na'im, Khan, Md. Raisuddin, Jalaludin, Nor Anija

“…The main objective of this work is to study the degree of engagement levels of human subjects in completing a series of tasks based on their physiological signals. …”
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Self-powered solar tracking system part 1: system modeling and hardware selections by Abdul Muthalif, Asan Gani, Hafiz, Dzairul, Shafiq, Haris

“…Solar power is an alternative technology that will hopefully leads us away from petroleum dependant energy sources. The main issue regarding conventional solar panel is about its efficiencies of power absorption. …”
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The need preservation of books in libraries : the environment by Skaik, Huda, Hassan, Basri, Wan Mamat, Wan Ali

“…Generally, deterioration results from a number of variant factors classified into two main categories; inherent and external. Such categories include environmental, human, biological, chemical and natural. …”
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Agricultural wastes and role of environmental law in Malaysia by Mustafa, Maizatun, Ariffin Ho, Mariani

“…However, while in reality agricultural wastes have been a relatively main component of environmental pollutants in Malaysia,this Act does not contain any specific provision on 'agricultural wastes' even though there exist several regulations under the Act pertaining to 'wastes' in general. …”
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A comparison study of classifier algorithms for mobile-phone’s accelerometer based activity recognition by Ayu, Media Anugerah, Ismail, Siti Aisyah, Abdul Matin, Ahmad Faridi, Mantoro, Teddy

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Land development in the light of the objectives of Shariah (Maqasid) by Mohamad, Nor Asiah

“…The main objective of the Shariah is to provide a basis to govern all aspects of Muslim life socially, economically as well as politically. …”
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