International healthcare workers’ experiences and perceptions of the 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak by Apea, V, Titanji, BK, Dakin, FH, Hayes, R, Smuk, M, Kawu, H, Waters, L, Levy, I, Kuritzkes, DR, Gandhi, M, Rockstroh, J, Schechter, M, Holt, M, Palich, R, Cortes, CP, Nozza, S, Mussini, C, Calmy, A, Crabtree-Ramirez, BE, Blanco, JL, Bhagani, S, Dewsnap, C, Orkin, C, On Behalf of the Mpox SHARE-NET Writing Group

“…Where offered, there were high levels of uptake across all regions. The findings highlight a critical need for addressing the profound gaps in HCW knowledge about re-emerging diseases with pandemic potential. …”

Key transcriptional regulators of neutrophil function in inflammation by Ai, Z

“…KLF6 and RUNX1 deficient neutrophils also displayed impaired transmigration properties. Consistent with findings in the Hoxb8 in vitro model, conditional deletion of RUNX1 in myeloid populations produced lower mature neutrophils in the bone marrow.…”

Participation and cooperation in global climate governance by Rowan, SS

“…Second, patterns of participation are associated with the ambition of countries’ greenhouse gas mitigation targets in the Paris Agreement. These findings help illuminate debates about how states use dense institutional environments, why states join institutions, and the depth of cooperation.…”

Molecular and physiological consequences of prematurity and blood pressure elevation on the young adult left ventricular stress response by Huckstep, O

“…Collectively, these findings suggest preterm-born young adults have reduced myocardial functional reserve which likely contributes to risk of future disease including heart failure. …”

Techniques for analysis and integration of histology data and agent-based modelling of T cell-tumour interactions by Stephens, R

“…In the final part of the thesis we develop a new on-lattice ABM which builds on the findings of our first model, and use it to identify conditions under which spatial statistics enable us to make earlier and more accurate predictions of tumour responses to immunotherapy.…”

Accessibility, inclusivity, and implementation of COVID-19 clinical management guidelines early in the pandemic: a global survey by Pilbeam, C, Malden, D, Newell, K, Dagens, A, Kennon, K, Michelen, M, Gobat, N, Sigfrid, L

“…<br><strong> Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight important gaps in COVID-19 CMG development and implementation challenges during a pandemic, particularly affecting at-risk populations and lower resourced settings. …”

Performance and validation of a digital memory test across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum by Toniolo, S, Attaallah, B, Maio, MR, Tabi, YA, Slavkova, E, Klar, VS, Saleh, Y, Idris, MI, Turner, V, Preul, C, Srowig, A, Butler, C, Thompson, S, Manohar, SG, Finke, K, Husain, M

“…Memory imprecision was able to predict cognitive decline on standard cognitive tests over one year. Overall, these findings show how it might be possible to use a digital memory test in clinics and clinical trial contexts to stratify and track performance across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum.…”

Foreign language learning in the age of the internet: A comparison of informal acquirers and traditional classroom learners in central Brazil by Cole, J

“…The evidence suggests this type of motivation, significantly more associated with FASILs than CTLs, led users to engage deeply with the linguistic details of informal sources.</p> <p>The findings challenge dominant paradigms in several fields of SLA which prioritize expert regulation over independent discovery and controlled, collaborative environments over real-world contexts of use entered into for personal reasons.…”

Characterization of ubiquitin-activated DNA-protein crosslink repair in vitro by Zhu, X

“…</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Our study has demonstrated that ubiquitination of the DPC substrates is a key pathway in regulating SPRTN activity. These findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which SPRTN proteolysis in DPCs repair, but also provide a powerful <em>in vitro</em> approach for drug screening to develop new cancer treatment strategies.…”

Frailty, multimorbidity and polypharmacy: exploratory analyses of the effects of empagliflozin from the EMPA-KIDNEY trial by Mayne, KM, Sardell, R, Staplin, N, Judge, P, Zhu, D, Sammons, E, Wanner, C, Emberson, J, Preiss, D, Landray, M, Baigent, C, Haynes, R, Herrington, W

“…</p> <br> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These findings support the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD, irrespective of frailty, multimorbidity or polypharmacy.…”

Enhancing trauma triage in low-resource settings using machine learning: a performance comparison with the Kampala Trauma Score by Nsubuga, M, Kintu, TM, Please, H, Stewart, K, Navarro, SM

“…Conclusion: ML models demonstrated superior predictive capabilities over the KTS in predicting triage decisions, even when utilising a limited set of injury information about the patients. These findings suggest a promising opportunity to advance trauma care in LMICs by integrating ML into triage decision-making. …”

Structure of a fully assembled γδ T-cell antigen receptor by Gully, BS, Ferreira Fernandes, J, Gunasinghe, SD, Vuong, MT, Lui, Y, Rice, MT, Rashleigh, L, Lay, C-S, Littler, DR, Sharma, S, Santos, AM, Venugopal, H, Rossjohn, J, Davis, SJ

“…Reducing this conformational heterogeneity by transferring the V&delta;3V&gamma;8 TCR variable domains to an &alpha;&beta; TCR enhanced receptor signaling, suggesting that &gamma;&delta; TCR organization reflects a compromise between efficient signaling and the ability to engage structurally-diverse ligands. Our findings reveal the remarkable structural plasticity of the TCR on evolutionary timescales, and recast it as a highly versatile receptor capable of initiating signaling as either a rigid or flexible structure.…”

RADAR-AD: assessment of multiple remote monitoring technologies for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease by Lentzen, M, Vairavan, S, Muurling, M, Alepopoulos, V, Atreya, A, Boada, M, de Boer, C, Conde, P, Curcic, J, Frisoni, G, Galluzzi, S, Gjestsen, MT, Gkioka, M, Grammatikopoulou, M, Hausner, L, Hinds, C, Lazarou, I, de Mendonça, A, Nikolopoulos, S, Religa, D, Scebba, G, Jelle Visser, P, Wittenberg, G, Narayan, V

“…The machine-learning-based analysis demonstrated that RMT-based models could identify subjects in the prodromal stage with an Area Under the ROC Curve of 73.0 %. In addition, our findings show that the Amsterdam iADL questionnaire has high discriminatory abilities. …”

Immunological screening of Lassa virus among health workers and contacts of patients of Lassa fever in Ondo State by Shaibu, JO, Salu, OB, Amoo, OS, Idigbe, I, Musa, AZ, Ezechi, OC, Abejegah, C, Ayodeji, O, Salako, BL, Omilabu, SA, Audu, RA

“…<p><b>Conclusion</b></p> These findings suggest that majority of the health workers are naïve to the virus and hence may be prone to the viral infection. …”

Controls on present-day and future rainfall over southern Africa in coupled climate models by Munday, C

“…Meanwhile, in the subtropical region, intermodel variability in the strength of anomalous northeasterlies across the high topography of Tanzania and Malawi explains 72% of the intermodel spread in rainfall. These findings suggest that improving the representation of the Angola Low, topography and the northeasterly flow should be targets for model development. …”

Extreme rainfall and landslides as a response to human-induced climate change: a case study at Baixada Santista, Brazil, 2020 by Couto de Souza, D, Crespo, NM, Vieira da Silva, D, Harada, LM, Parrode de Godoy, RM, Domingues, LM, Luiz, R, Bortolozo, CA, Metodiev, D, Magalhaes de Andrade, MR, Hartley, A, Cesario de Abreu, R, Li, S, Lott, F, Sparrow, S

“…Our estimates suggest that extreme precipitation events are having shorter return periods due to climate change and increased urbanization and population growth is exposing more people to these events. These findings are especially important for decision-makers in the context of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and adaptation to climate change.…”

Prioritizing questions and topics for the development of guidelines and consensus-based recommendations supported by ILAE: a scoping review and proposal of prioritization criteria by Lin, K, Eyal, S, Demarchi, IG, Ben-Shushan, T, Auvin, S, Khoo, CS, Al-Baradie, R, Sen, A, Newton, C, Ngwende, G, Candez, NM, Sperling, M, Brigo, F, Jette, N, Wiebe, S

“…We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus without time or language limits. The findings were synthesized qualitatively. A consensus-based process was followed to develop a prioritization scoring tool for CPGs and another for CBRs. …”

Understanding health system responsiveness to public feedback at the sub-national level: Insights from Kilifi County, Kenya by Kagwanja, N, Gilson, L, Tsofa, B, Olivier, J, Leli, H, Molyneux, S

“…These gaps ranged from inadequate funding and staffing of feedback mechanisms (hardware), through absence of clear procedures and guidelines (tangible software), to norms, actor relationships and power dynamics (intangible software elements). Our findings are relevant to similar low-and-middle-income contexts and draw attention to the importance of integrating multiple mechanisms and forms of feedback, alongside considering system capacities and their interactions, in strengthening health system responsiveness.…”

The geomorphic work of the European mole (Talpa europaea): long-term monitoring of molehills using structure-from-motion photogrammetry by Baxter, T, Woor, S, Coombes, M, Viles, H

“…In addition, measurements of molehill volume are used to estimate the excavation rate of moles over a month. Findings show that (i) molehills are dynamic landforms that change in size and shape in response to phases of construction, collapse, erosion, and rebuilding, (ii) rates of degradation are influenced by soil characteristics and seasonal weather conditions, (iii) molehills can persist as landscape features for several months, (iv) and moles are capable of moving a substantial volume of sediment in highly active areas (3.89 m³ha^-1 month^-1). …”

Three essays on frictions of trade by Li, W

“…At the same time, sectors producing time-sensitive products benefit more from road construction and improvement. These findings support the claim that intranational trade costs, which have the same impact as international trade costs, are a determinant of comparative advantage and affect international trade patterns.…”