An Integrated Water Management Plan (IWRMP) for Oman using an Expert System Technique by Kabbashi, Nassereldeen, Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu

“…The topics discussed in this book are mainly on the technologies related to the management of bio-systems.…”
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Productivity growth of zakat institutions in Malaysia: An application of data envelopment analysis by Abd. Wahab, Norazlina, Abdul Rahman, Abdul Rahim

“…Findings – The results showed that total factor productivity (TFP) has increased slightly for the whole industry, which is mainly due to the technical change rather than the efficiency change. …”
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Ethical based mathematical model to evaluate software engineering by Hameed, Shihab A., AlJumaily, A. Asad, Ahmed, I. Mohammed, Daoud, Jamal Ibrahim

“…To effectively solve ethical problem in computer and software engineering field; we propose a new model, which mainly based on integrating an Islamic based solution to solve ethical related problems. …”
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Language learning strategies of English for specific purposes students at a public university in Malaysia by Ahamad Shah, Mohamed Ismail, Ismail, Yusof, Esa, Zaleha, Muhamad, Ainon Jariah

“…This study, therefore,investigated the learning strategies of students at a public English medium university in Malaysia. The study was mainly motivated by concerns about the standards of English of graduates of Malaysian universities. …”
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A key distribution scheme for secure multicast over IPv6 wireless networks by Aye, Win Lye, Siddiqi, Mohammad Umar

“…In addition, we provide a performance comparison between our approach and the corresponding scenario in [7], Our approach minimizes the number of transmissions required to rekey the multicast group since an efficient rekeying mechanism is provided for membership changes and it imposes minimal storage requirements mainly required in mobile networks. Moreover, it ensures the forward secrecy and backward secrecy.…”
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Does trade among ASEAN members promote efficiency? sectoral evidence from the gravity model by Mohd Amin, Ruzita, Hamid, Zarinah, Md Saad, Norma

“…Using the extended gravity model, intra-ASEAN trade with efficient members is found for total exports, mainly contributed by five sectors: beverages & tobacco, minerals & fuels, chemicals & materials, machinery & transport equipment, and miscellaneous manufactures. …”
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Profit and loss allocation among Islamic bank and client partner in equity financing: practice, precepts and alternatives by Sadique, Muhammad Abdurrahman

“…The profit sharing ratio in equity financed projects is decided by Islamic banks mainly through applying the relevant rate of return on capital. …”
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Natural heritage of environmentally sensitive areas in Kuala Selangor district, Malaysia by Asmawi, M. Zainora, Paiman, Tuminah

“…Thus, this research was embarked to analyses the importance of areas of natural heritage found in Kuala Selangor. The research mainly employed the collection of secondary information in terms of textual and statistical information in the form of GIS format to assemble info for analysis purpose. …”
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Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia (JIM): an analysis on its philosophy of education (1990-2000) by Malik, Maszlee, Abdul Rahmaan, Ahmad Fuad, Mat, Hamidah

“…With the motto “(Together) With Islam (We) Build the Society”, JIM aims in reforming the society to embrace the ideal of Syumuliyyah or understanding Islam as a complete way of life, and its implementation on the life of the society. It based its ideals mainly on the al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood)’s manhaj taghyir (means of reform), which starts with the building of individuals, then the families and ultimately the society. …”
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Toward confidential distributed medical emergency system and security service by Hameed, Shihab A., Yuchoch, Habib, Al-Khateeb, Wajdi Fawzi Mohammed

“…Traditionally trust was mainly associated with the security of the system to make sure that the user is authorized and not allowing unauthorized access. …”
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An evaluation of Arabic for Human Sciences students programme by Zubir, Badri Najib, Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah, Mohd Ghalib, Mohd Feham

“…The learning of the Arabic language has been included as a requirement in IIUM’s Human Sciences undergraduate curriculum mainly as one of the means to effectively realize the University’s philosophy in augmenting the Islamicisization of contemporary human knowledge. …”
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Synergistic coupling {101}-{111} facet of N-doped TiO2 film enhance spatial charge separation for methylene blue photodegradation by Hamed, N.K.A., Nafarizal, N., Ahmad, M.K., Faridah, A.B., Makhtar, S.N.N.M., Noor, S.F.M., Shimomura, M.

“…The enhanced photodegradation of N-doped TiO2 film is mainly attributed to the presence of {101} and {111} facets, leading to the efficient separation of carriers and lengthening the life of photogenerated carriers, consequently improving its photocatalysis potential.…”
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Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Using Half-teardrop Shape Cavity by Wattanasrirote, Whacharapat, Mohideen Batcha, Mohd Faizal, Palamanit, Arkom, Mel, Maizirwan, Wae-hayee, Makatar

“…The typical cavity of UCG was a half-teardrop shape.The coal samples were collected from Mae Moh coal mine, Thailand. The coal type is mainly lignite. To generate the gasification process, the coal sample was heated in the half-teardrop cavity by injecting partial oxidant, which is air, according to the Equivalent Ratio (ER) of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. …”
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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of coal and oil palm shell with coconut shell activated carbon as microwave absorber by Mushtaq, Faisal, author, Mat, Ramli, thesis advisor

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The impact of the modified budgeting systems (MBS) on performance measurement in Malaysian central government organisations by Karbhari, Yusuf, Mohamad, Muslim Har Sani

“…Despite of these, weaknesses in implementation was mainly related to resistance to change by managers, thus, this might impede the effective development of the performance measures.…”
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Principals best practice to conflict management at the excellent secondary schools, Malaysia by Salleh, Mohamad Johdi

“…The instrument used was survey questionnaire and data was processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows. The study was mainly based on Thomas and Kilmann (2008) conflict-handling modes comprises of competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding and accommodating. …”
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Schematized meaning of the concept of percent by the 14 year-olds children by Nik Abdul Rahman, Nik Suryani

“…Further, the children’s mental images of percent were mainly based on either fractional or whole number ideas, and they dominantly use continuous regions rather than discrete regions in representing percent. …”
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A comparative study of horizontal and vertical architectural design studio management in IIUM by Abdul Rahim, Asiah, Abdullah, Fadzidah, Wok, Saodah

“…With support of survey and interview, this research mainly utilizes action research, in which personal experience of academic staff and students in dealing with both horizontal and vertical studio management systems is documented. …”
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Decolonising and Islamicising the study of English Literature: an argument for a comparative paradigm by Mohd Ramli, Aimillia

“…In the postcolonial period of the twentieth century, the continuation of the study of English literature had mainly been justified by Western liberal humanism’s belief that canonical works in English literature display universal values that should be cultivated in the minds of readers regardless of their nationality and ethnicity. …”
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Sewage sludge Composting Simulation as carbon / nitrogen concentration change by Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed

“…Difficulty in modeling composting processes is attributed mainly to the unpredicted change in process rate caused by change in activation energy value (E). …”
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