A decade of the World Trade Organization and trade performance of Muslim countries by Mohd Amin, Ruzita

“…In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. …”
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Spousal religious conversion: Choice of laws and forums in Malaysia by Shuaib, Farid Sufian

“…These different court systems most of the time run independent of one another since subject matters and parties before the courts are different. …”
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Competition law as a tool to ensure diversity of voices and access to the media by Shuaib, Farid Sufian

“…However, the two state-owned television stations have constantly refused to give reasonable coverage for those outside the government – particularly the opposition – since the two is regarded as the official channel of the government of the day. …”
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Analysis of the Rain Effects on Terrestrial Free Space Optics Based on Data Measured in Tropical Climate. by Ahmad Zabidi, Suriza, Islam, Md. Rafiqul, Wajdi, Al Khateeb, Ahmed Wathik, Naji

“…However, the feasibility of using FSO system as communication link very much depends on local weather. Since tropical region experiences heavy rainfall, rain with high intensity is expected to affect the FSO link severely. …”
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Reverse leakage current mechanisms in quantum dot laser structures by Hasbullah, Nurul Fadzlin, David, John P. R.

“…A systematic study of their temperature dependence suggests that the main mechanism determining the reverse leakage is due to generation–recombination via mid-band traps assisted by Frenkel-Poole emission of carriers from these traps. Since the dark current is a relatively parameter to determine in a device, optimising this is a quicker means of optimising the growth parameters than undertaking full laser testing. …”
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Phytochemical screening expedition 2009 : drug discovery from nature. by Mat So'ad, Siti Zaiton, Mohd Hassan, Norazian, Khamis, Shamsul

“…For that reason, Phytochemical Screening Expedition has been regularly organized as yearly programme at Kulliyyah ofPharmacy since 2009…”
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Ibn al-Jazzar on fever by Abdul Razak, Fadhilah, Ismail, Ahmad Faris

“…The objective ofthis chapter is to discuss types of fever introduced by Ibn AI-Jazzar in his book entitled Zad al-Musafir wa-qut al-hadir which was translated by Gerrit Bos. According to Bos, since the book was written, none of the medical works of the Islamic physician dealing with fevers has been published in a critical edition and translation, thus make him decide to do so for our references. …”
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Spikes blocking and surge protection by Torla, Ahmad Lutfi, Khan, Sheroz, Abdul Muthalif, Asan Gani

“…Spikes are extremely damaging to a circuit since the voltage of a spike such as a lightning surge can be thousands of times the intended voltage of the circuit…”
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Fuzzy set theory by Khan, Imran Moez, Htike@Muhammad Yusof, Zaw Zaw, Khalifa, Othman Omran

“…He has developed considerably since its inception. Although initially the new and revolutionary ideas were viewed controversially in the realm of mathematics, they were more welcomed in several fields of engineering, especially control engineering, as they provided a good interface with real world applications of mathematics. …”
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Interactive voice response technology for telephony system by Abu Shariah, Mohammad A. M., Ainon, Raja Noor, Khalifa, Othman Omran

“…There have been many interesting advances and developments since the invention of the first speech recognizer at Bell Labs in the early 1950's. …”
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Cranial electro-stimulation for the amelioration of drug withdrawal symptoms among recovering addicts by Shahab, Syed Alwi

“…Underlying the addictive state is an insidious and progressive destruction of normal brain functioning such as severe memory loss, inability to process abstract information, and other organic brain dysfunctions, such as Korsakoff psychosis. Since addiction, withdrawal, and anhedonia are the result of insufficient levels of certain brain chemicals, or undeveloped pleasure centres and pleasure pathways, the most direct way of eliminating them is to restore optimal levels of the brain chemicals, to stimulate the pleasure centres and pleasure pathways. …”
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Critical analysis on the choice of Takaful (Islamic insurance) operating models in Malaysia by Htay, Sheila Nu Nu, Zaharin, Hanna Rabittah

“…It is important to study the motives behind choosing among different Takaful models since different models have different impacts on the surplus distribution of Takaful funds, especially for Family Takaful funds. …”
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Focus control using flexible lens by Abdullah, Soran Jalal, Khan, Md. Raisuddin, Wahyudi, Martono

“…However, the small and compact implementation using multiple-lenses is difficult to achieve since a certain distance between two- lenses is required for different focal length. …”
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Parallel manipulator for auto tracking system: virtual prototyping using LabVIEW- Solidworks by Ramli, Zalifah, Abdul Muthalif, Asan Gani, Shafie, Amir Akramin, Antong, Hasmawati

“…The most important in FSO communication is the alignment between transmitter and receiver telescope. However, since the transmission medium of FSO is atmosphere, it will give misalignment between transceivers. …”
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An estimation of technical efficiency of secondary education in Malaysia: A cross-country analysis by Mohd Arshad, Mohd Nahar

“…Education efficiency has become an important issue given the pressing levels of public deficit and debt of many countries. Since the educational sector always receives high priority in budget allocations, an evaluation of whether the allocations made for education has been technically efficient is important. …”
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Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy: changing trend in the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma, report of two cases by Asha'ari, Zamzil Amin, Ahmed Khan, Shamim

“…However the supposed changing trend in surgical management of sinonasal inverted papilloma from external approach to endoscopic technique has to come with caution as certain guidelines must be made to ensure its effectiveness. Since the introduction of purely transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy in 1981, many authors have published their experiences in this field. …”
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Manufacturing engineering education in IIUM by Ali, Mohammad Yeakub, Amin, A. K. M. Nurul, Haque, Md. Mohafizul

“…This paper presents how manufacturing engineering curriculum in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) is designed to prepare its graduates fit for manufacturing industry. Since the inception in 1994, IIUM has been preparing its students through specialization in manufacturing engineering and precision machining. …”
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The legal protection for women prisoners in Islamic law by Hussin, Nasimah, Abdul Majid, Wan Roslili

“…As far as Muslim women prisoners are concerned, they may have more specific needs since the treatment provided must always observe the Shari’ah ruling particularly in terms of food, clothing, performing religious duties etc. …”
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Statistical techniques to serve quality of software by Shihab, A. Hameed, AlJumaily, A. Asad, Daoud, Jamal Ibrahim

“…One of the difficult and expensive parts of applying software-testing techniques is the generation of actual or meaningful test data since although there are several techniques and tools to automatically generate test data but mostly they generate meaningless data. …”
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Bridging Islamic juristic differences in contemporary Islamic Finance by Soualhi , Younes

“…Two blocks appear to represent the two disputing sides since the launch of this industry, i.e., the Middle Eastern and South East Asian markets. hus, this article aims to bridge diferences in Islamic inance by proposing a framework and set of parameters that can be applied to all Islamic banking, Islamic capital market and takāful products. …”
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