Reconciling founder variant multiplicity of HIV-1 infection with the rate of CD4+ decline by Baxter, J, Villabona-Arenas, J, Thompson, RN, Hue, S, Regoes, R, Kouyos, R, Gunthard, H, Albert, J, Brown, AL, Atkins, K

“…Where multiple variants initiate infection, recipient set point viral load (SpVL) and the rate of CD4+ 4 T cell decline may be elevated, but these findings remain inconsistent. Here, we summarised the evidence for this phenomenon, then tested whether previous studies possessed sufficient statistical power to reliably identify a true effect of multiple variant infection associating with higher SpVL. …”

Advancements in glioma segmentation: comparing the U-Net and DeconvNet models by Mohammed, AA, Gonzales, RA

“…We concluded that the U-Net model's advanced capabilities enhanced glioma segmentation in MRI scans, surpassing the baseline DeconvNet method. Our findings may help improve non-invasive diagnostic procedures and treatment planning in glioma patients, reinforcing the value of integrating advanced neural network architectures into medical imaging.…”

Turing pattern formation in reaction-cross-diffusion systems with a bilayer geometry by Diaz, A, Krause, A, Maini, PK, Gaffney, E, Seirin-Lee, S

“…A linear stability analysis is carried out around a spatially homogeneous equilibrium state in the asymptotic limit of weak and strong coupling strengths, where quantitative approximations of the bifurcation curve can be computed. Our theoretical findings, for an arbitrary number of reacting species, reveal quantitative Turing conditions, highlighting when the coupling mechanism between the layered regions can either trigger patterning or stabilize a spatially homogeneous equilibrium regardless of the independent patterning state of each layer. …”

Hot and round: How temperature and shape impact the multisensory appreciation of cornmeal by Juravle, G, Duca, R, Feghiuș, C, Spence, C

“…These results highlight the importance of serving temperature and how temperature interacts with food shape. The findings are discussed in the context of current theories of crossmodal correspondences, with consideration of the importance of temperature perception in gastronomic settings.…”

Soil microbiomes show consistent and predictable responses to extreme events by Knight, CG, Nicolitch, O, Griffiths, RI, Goodall, T, Jones, B, Weser, C, Langridge, H, Davison, J, Dellavalle, A, Eisenhauer, N, Gongalsky, KB, Hector, A, Jardine, E, Kardol, P, Maestre, FT, Schädler, M, Semchenko, M, Stevens, C, Tsiafouli, MΑ, Vilhelmsson, O, Wanek, W, de Vries, FT

“…Our results suggest that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events, but that predicting the extent of community change may require knowledge of the local microbiome. These findings advance our understanding of soil microbial responses to extreme events, and provide a first step for making general predictions about the impact of extreme climatic events on soil functioning.…”

Oscillations support short latency co-firing of neurons during human episodic memory formation by Roux, F, Parish, G, Chelvarajah, R, Rollings, DT, Sawlani, V, Hamer, H, Gollwitzer, S, Kreiselmeyer, G, Ter Wal, MJ, Kolibius, L, Staresina, BP, Wimber, M, Self, MW, Hanslmayr, S

“…Phase-coupling at slower oscillations in these same frequency bands, in contrast, correlates with longer co-firing latencies and occurs during memory failure. Thus, our findings suggest that neural oscillations play a role for the synchronization of neural firing in the medial temporal lobe during the encoding of episodic memories.…”

Back to basics with teacher recruitment: what do STEM undergraduates want? by Snell, RJS, Klassen, RM, Thompson-Lee, S, Wang, H

“…Data were coded using reflexive thematic analysis and multiple indexing. Findings from this study suggested that participants were primarily attracted to teaching by the perceived emotional rewards of supporting young people, and the tangible benefits (e.g., holidays) made the career desirable. …”

Lung cancer AI-based diagnosis through multi-modal integration of clinical and imaging data by Ulag, AS, Gonzales, RA

“…Future research should consider adding other data sources like genetic and environmental factors to enhance the model's performance further. These findings underscore the promise of multi-modality approaches in transforming lung cancer diagnostics, potentially leading to earlier detection and improved patient outcomes.…”

Immunity debt for seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result of non-pharmaceutical interventions: an ecological analysis and cohort study by Chen, L, Guo, Y, López-Güell, K, Ma, J, Dong, Y, Xie, J, Prieto Alhambra, D

“…In addition, a positive association between the Stringency Index and post-relaxation influenza surge was observed globally (R² = 0.14-0.17) and replicated regionally. Our findings support the population immunity debt hypothesis for influenza and call for proactive preparations against its consequences in future pandemics.…”

The role of Wee1 in the hypoxia-induced DNA damage response and its potential as a therapeutic target by O'Brien, EM

“…Previous reports suggest damage induced by Wee1 inhibition is Mus81 dependent however no evidence for this was seen in this study in normoxia or hypoxia. However, a novel finding was the involvement of Mus81 in reoxygenation-induced restart suggesting this nuclease does play a significant role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia.…”

Can self-distancing benefit adjustment to bereavement? A multi-method investigation by Zhou, N, Ren, F, Cao, C, She, Z, Smith, KV, Xi, J

“…Results indicated that the two writing training tasks increased self-distancing and decreased grief symptoms, but only the self-distancing group reduced grief rumination. These findings highlight the protective role of self-distancing in grief adaptation. …”

AXES at TRECVID 2012: KIS, INS, and MED by Aly, R, Mcguinness, K, Chen, S, O'Conner, NE, Chatfield, K, Parkhi, OM, Arandjelović, R, Zisserman, A, Fernando, B, Tuytelaars, T, Oneata, D, Douze, M, Revaud, J, Schwenninger, J, Potapov, D, Wang, H, Harchaoui, Z, Verbeek, J, Schmid, C

“…This paper describes in detail our KIS, INS, and MED systems and the results and findings of our experiments.…”

Women's preferences for NIPT as a first-line test in England and France: Challenges for genetic counseling practices by Perrot, A, Clarke, A, Vassy, C, Horn, RJ

“…The interviews were cross-analyzed using thematic analysis. Our findings show that most women express a preference for the offer of NIPT as a first-line screening test. …”

Presence of host-seeking Ixodes ricinus and their infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Northern Apennines, Italy by Ragagli, C, Mannelli, A, Ambrogi, C, Bisanzio, D, Ceballos, LA, Grego, E, Martello, E, Selmi, M, Tomassone, L

“…Based upon the comparison with the results of previous studies at the same location, these research findings suggest the recent invasion of the study area by the tick vector and the agents of Lyme borreliosis.…”

Phase separation of a microtubule plus-end tracking protein into a fluid fractal network by Czub, MP, Uliana, F, Grubić, T, Padeste, C, Rosowski, KA, Lorenz, C, Dufresne, ER, Menzel, A, Vakonakis, I, Gasser, U, Steinmetz, MO

“…This structural evidence supports recent percolation-based models of biomolecular condensates. Together, our findings offer insights into the structure, dynamic rearrangement, and organization of a complex, oligomeric, and multidomain protein in both dilute and condensed states. …”

Strong immune responses and robust protection following a novel protein in adjuvant tuberculosis vaccine candidate by Korompis, M, De Voss, CJ, Li, S, Richard, A, Almujri, SS, Ateere, A, Frank, G, Lemoine, C, McShane, H, Stylianou, E

“…Heterologous vaccination strategies were also explored by combining intranasal ChAdOx1.PPE15 viral vector, with intramuscular PPE15-LMQ resulting in improved protection compared to individual vaccines. These findings support the progression of this vaccine candidate to the next stages of development.…”

Unraveling microglial spatial organization in the developing human brain with DeepCellMap, a deep learning approach coupled with spatial statistics by Perochon, T, Krsnik, Z, Massimo, M, Ruchiy, Y, Romero, AL, Mohammadi, E, Li, X, Long, KR, Parkkinen, L, Blomgren, K, Lagache, T, Menassa, DA, Holcman, D

“…Additionally, we uncover an association between microglia and blood vessels in fetal brains exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2. These findings offer insights into whether various microglial phenotypes form networks in the developing brain to occupy space, and in conditions involving haemorrhages, whether microglia respond to, or influence changes in blood vessel integrity. …”

Structural basis for the ligand-dependent activation of heterodimeric AHR-ARNT complex by Diao, X, Shang, Q, Guo, M, Huang, Y, Zhang, M, Chen, X, Liang, Y, Sun, X, Zhou, F, Zhuang, J, Liu, S, Vogel, CFA, Rastinejad, F, Wu, D

“…AHR’s PAS-B domain utilizes eight conserved residues whose dynamic rearrangements account for the ability to bind to ligands through hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Our findings further reveal the structural underpinnings of a ligand-driven activation mechanism, whereby a segment of the AHR protein undergoes a structural transition from chaperone engagement to ARNT heterodimer stabilization, to generate the transcriptionally competent assembly. …”

Tracking people by learning their appearance by Ramanan, D, Forsyth, DA, Zisserman, A

“…This problem is difficult because one needs to determine both the number of people in each frame and estimate their configurations. But, finding people and localizing their limbs is hard because people can move fast and unpredictably, can appear in a variety of poses and clothes, and are often surrounded by limb-like clutter. …”

Radio Malaysia in 1978: broadcasting nationalist and patriotic ideas in primary schools through songs by Chai, Ming Yan, Shazlin Amir Hamzah

“…Through a thematic content analysis of the songs featured in the Radio Pendidikan 1978 program, the objective of this article aims to explore how the underlying themes of nationalism and patriotism were reflected in these musical compositions. The findings contribute to the understanding of the intersection between music, education, and nation-building; implicating the powerful influence of patriotic songs in uniting a diverse population and fostering a strong sense of national pride.…”
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