Development of novel monitors for early detection of fouling in reverse osmosis systems by Sim, Victor Siang Tze

“…The current generation of RO membranes is of sufficiently high permeability that further significant improvement in RO membrane permeability is less likely to be the primary driver for a major reduction in the cost of desalination but should arise from a variety of other process improvements. …”
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Time to resolution and effect on quality of life of molluscum contagiosum in children in the UK: a prospective community cohort study by Olsen, JR, Gallacher, J, Finlay, AY, Piguet, V, Francis, NA

“…</p> <p><strong>Interpretation</strong> One in ten children with molluscum contagiosum is likely to have a substantial effect on their quality of life and therefore treatment should be considered for some children, especially those with many lesions or who have been identified as having a severe effect on quality of life. …”

Molluscum contagiosum and associations with atopic eczema in children: a retrospective longitudinal study in primary care by Olsen, JR, Piguet, V, Gallacher, J, Francis, NA

“…Children were found to be more likely to have an MC consultation if they had previously consulted a GP with AE (OR 1.13; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.16; P<0.005).…”

Fedratinib combined with ropeginterferon alfa-2b in patients with myelofibrosis (FEDORA): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, Bayesian phase II trial by McIlroy, G, Gaskell, C, Jackson, A, Yafai, E, Tasker, R, Thomas, C, Fox, S, Boucher, R, Ghebretinsea, F, Harrison, C, Mead, AJ, McMullin, MF

“…It has shown activity in MF and is well-tolerated, but combination with other therapies is likely needed to achieve clonal remission. Combining a JAK2 inhibitor with an interferon may be synergistic, as haematopoietic cells are activated from quiescence (a typical kinase resistance mechanism) rendering them more sensitive to inhibition. …”

Policy design and professional service delivery performance of drinking water services in rural Mali by Wagner, J

“…</p> <br> <p>Guided by contract and consumer demand theories, the findings indicate that any rural water contract is likely to be incomplete due to the inability to guarantee user demand. …”

Early, very high-titre convalescent plasma therapy in clinically vulnerable individuals with mild COVID-19 (COVIC-19): protocol for a randomised, open-label trial by Desmarets, M, Hoffmann, S, Vauchy, C, Rijnders, BJA, Toussirot, E, Durrbach, A, Körper, S, Schrezenmeier, E, van der Schoot, CE, Harvala, H, Brunotte, G, Appl, T, Seifried, E, Tiberghien, P, Bradshaw, D, Roberts, DJ, Estcourt, LJ, Schrezenmeier, H

“…However, many aspects of CCP treatment still require investigations: in particular (1) Optimisation of the CCP product, (2) Identification of the patient population in need and most likely to benefit from this treatment approach, (3) Timing of administration and (4) CCP efficacy across viral variants in vivo. …”

Environmental risk factors for self-harm during imprisonment: A pilot prospective cohort study by Stephenson, T, Harris, I, Armstrong, C, Fazel, S, Short, R, Blackwood, N

“…Findings regarding prisoner-staff ratio and self-harm most likely reflect a reverse causal relationship. Replication in larger cohort studies is required to address the limitations of this pilot study.…”

The development of electrochemical sensors based on the use of different forms of carbon materials by Chaisiwamongkhol, K

“…The results presented in Chapter 6 are evidenced as photochemical in nature and to likely involve singlet oxygen. </p> <p>As a possible biomarker of salivary pH for diseases such as gingivitis and dental caries, the next aim of this thesis is to develop sensors for pH measurement in saliva. …”

Evaluating the generalisability of region-naïve machine learning algorithms for the identification of epilepsy in low-resource settings by Duta, I, Kariuki, SM, Ngugi, AK, Mwesige, AK, Masanja, H, Mwanga, DM, Owusu-Agyei, S, Wagner, R, Cross, JH, Sander, JW, Newton, CR, Sen, A, Jones, GD

“…The relationship between predictors and model outcomes also varies across sites, suggesting the need to update specific model aspects with local data before broader implementation. Variations are likely to be particular to the cultural context of diagnosis. …”

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening for major structural anomalies during the first trimester of pregnancy: a decision model by Campbell, H, Karim, J, Papageorgiou, AT, Wilson, E, Rivero-Arias, O

“…VoI analysis showed further research would be unlikely to represent value for money. The protocol would likely lead to a reduction in infant healthcare costs and QALYs.…”

Distinct Circle of Willis anatomical configurations in healthy preterm born adults: a 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography study by Greggio, J, Malamateniou, C, Baruteau, KP, Reyes-Aldasoro, CC, Huckstep, OJ, Francis, JM, Williamson, W, Leeson, P, Lewandowski, AJ, Lapidaire, W

“…However, the incidence of absent segments was lower in preterm adults, who were more likely to exhibit variants associated with complete CoW configurations compared to full-term adults (p = 0.025). …”

Gender differences in perceptions of psoriatic arthritis disease impact, management, and physician interactions: results from a global patient survey by Eder, L, Richette, P, Coates, LC, Azevedo, VF, Cappelleri, JC, Johnson, EP, Hoang, M, Moser, J, Kessouri, M

“…More females than males were very satisfied with their communication with their rheumatologist and were more likely to discuss the impact of PsA on their daily lives, their treatment satisfaction, and treatment goals with their rheumatologist.…”

Molecular pathways leading to sleep and wakefulness in Drosophila by Christodoulou, K

“…Activation of the receptor likely feeds into a small GTPase cascade that involves Cv-c and Sandman.…”

Climate worry: associations with functional impairment, pro-environmental behaviors and perceived need for support by Lenhard, F, Fernández de la Cruz, L, Wahlund, T, Andersson, E, Åhlén, J, Fuso Nerini, F, Akay, H, Mataix-Cols, D

“…Individuals in this group (high severity and frequency of climate worry as well as significant functional impairment) were more likely to experience depressed mood and sleep problems and were more interested in receiving support, specifically concerning strategies for worry management and sustainable behavior change. …”

The influence of metabolic hormones on lactation by Rostom, H

“…My work showed that GH signals through the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)- signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway, while transcriptomic evaluation of GH-treated HC11 cells demonstrated that GH promotes synthesis of milk proteins and proteins associated with lipid synthesis. GH is therefore likely to augment the milk-synthesising actions of prolactin at lactation onset.…”

Self-reported pain and osteoarthritis of the hip and spine in retired elite rowers by Baynham-Williams, M

“…No significant differences were found between rowing training duration or hatchet blade use in retired rowers with poor outcomes at the hip, spine or combined hip-spine. However, it is likely that this study was underpowered to detect statistical differences. …”

Cost-utility analysis of molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for community-based adults with COVID-19 and increased risk of adverse outcomes in... by Png, ME, Harris, V, Grabey, J, Hart, ND, Jani, BD, Butler, D, Carson-Stevens, A, Coates, M, Cureton, L, Dobson, M, Dorward, J, Evans, P, Francis, N, Gbinigie, OA, Hayward, G, Holmes, J, Hood, K, Khoo, S, Ahmed, H, Lown, M, McKenna, M, Mort, S, Nguyen-Van-Tam, J, Rahman, N, Richards, DB, Thomas, N, van Hecke, O, Hobbs, FR, Little, P, Yu, L-M, Butler, CC, Petrou, S

“…Threshold analysis explored the price for molnupiravir consistent with likely reimbursement. <p><strong> Results </p></strong>In the base-case analysis, molnupiravir had higher mean costs of £449 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 445 to 453) and higher mean QALYs of 0.0055 (95% CI = 0.0044 to 0.0067) than usual care (mean incremental cost per QALY of £81 190). …”

Malaria elimination challenges in countries approaching the last mile: a discussion among regional stakeholders by Lek, D, Shrestha, M, Lhazeen, K, Tobgyel, T, Kandel, S, Dahal, G, Ghimire, YC, Shrestha, B, Ghimire, P, Hein, PS, Peto, TJ, Callery, JJ, Tripura, R, von Seidlein, L, Amaratunga, C, Lynch, CA, Dondorp, AM, Adhikari, B

“…The National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM) worked with stakeholders to contain the outbreak, which was likely to have originated in forest goers. Community-based village malaria workers (VMWs) were augmented with the additional resources required to test and treat malaria among forest goers under the supervision of health centres and district hospitals. …”

Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Shan, D, Wang, C, Crawford, T, Holland, C

“…Discussion: Under normal circumstances, we believe that COVID-19 infection is likely to be a risk factor for developing NOD in older adults over time. …”

Place-based household vouchers for locally supplied fruit and vegetables: the Fresh Street pilot cluster randomised controlled trial by Relton, C, Blake, MK, Bridge, G, Umney, D, Taylor, SJC, Adams, J, Mihaylova, B, Griffiths, C, Hooper, R, Phillips, R, Palmer, L, Gamston, A, Williamson, K

“…Background: Households in areas of socio-economic deprivation are more likely to consume diets low in fruit and vegetables. …”