Low grandparental social support combined with low parental socioeconomic status is closely associated with obesity in preschool‐aged children: a pilot study by Lindberg, L, Ek, A, Nyman, J, Marcus, C, Ulijaszek, S, Nowicka, P

“…This study investigates the importance of parents' SES and social support (functional and structural) for weight status in a clinical sample of preschoolers 4–6 years old with obesity (n = 39, 56% girls; 73% of parents were overweight/obese, 50% were of non‐Swedish origin). …”

Developing a framework for tracking antimicrobial resistance gene movement in a persistent environmental reservoir by Mathers, AJ, Li, TJX, He, Q, Narendra, S, Stoesser, N, Eyre, DW, Walker, AS, Barry, KE, Castañeda-Barba, S, Huang, FW, Parikh, H, Kotay, S, Crook, DW, Reidys, C

“…We successfully reconstructed the complete bacterial genome and plasmid assemblies of isolates sharing the same blaKPC carbapenemase gene to understand evolution over time in six confined hospital drains over five years. From 82 isolates we identified 14 unique strains from 10 species with 113 blaKPC-carrying plasmids across 16 distinct replicon types. …”

Rationale and concerns for using JAK inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis by Ahmed, S, Yesudian, R, Ubaide, H, Coates, LC

“…Treatment options have advanced over recent years and have become more targeted, including biologic treatments and, more recently, small molecule oral drugs called Janus kinase inhibitors. …”

Using patient perspectives to inform better clinical trial design and conduct: current trends and future directions by Faulkner, SD, Somers, F, Boudes, M, Nafria, B, Robinson, P

“…In this paper, the authors reflect upon these last few years, the emerging trends and their drivers, and where we may expect PE in clinical research to progress in the near future.…”

Highlighting the role of biota in feedback loops from tundra ecosystems to the atmosphere by Schmidt, NM, Barrio, IC, Kristensen, JA, López-Blanco, E, van Beest, FM

“…The rapid climatic and environmental changes observed in the Arctic and across the globe in general call for reliable model projections. In recent years our understanding of ongoing and future changes through ecosystem modelling has increased tremendously. …”

Beyond symbolism: the roles of action planning and case-making in immigrant integration policymaking by Allen, WL, Broadhead, J

“…In response, we examine how municipal actors in 12 cities and regions across the UK have devised and communicated policies on immigrant integration—an area that lacks national policy inputs yet is locally consequential—through the mechanism of “action planning.” Drawing on 6 years’ worth of documentary evidence generated through a university-initiated collaboration with these municipalities, we show how action plans gather attention for objectives and propagate examples of practice to other cities—what we call “case-making.” …”

Controversies in neurology: asymptomatic carotid stenosis—intervention or just stick to medical therapy. The argument for carotid endarterectomy by Hirt, L, Halliday, A

“…Currently the safest strategy for a patient with a significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis consists of optimal medical therapy with carotid endarterectomy for those less than 75 years of age, who are suitable for surgery.…”

Stem cell-derived embryo models: moral advance or moral obfuscation? by Gyngell, C, Lynch, F, Sawai, T, Savulescu, J

“…There have been several rapid advances in creating SCEMs in recent years. These advances potentially provide a new avenue to study early human development. …”

Simple ecological indicators benchmark regeneration success of Amazonian forests by Giles, AL, Schietti, J, Rosenfield, MF, Mesquita, RC, Vieira, DLM, Vieira, ICG, Poorter, L, Brancalion, PHS, Peña-Claros, M, Siqueira, J, Oliveira Junior, L, do Espírito-Santo, MM, Sarmento, PSDM, Ferreira, JN, Berenguer, E, Barlow, J, Elias, F, Cassol, HLG, Silva, RC, Ribeiro, SC, Medeiros, N, Junqueira, AB, Massoca, P, Ferreira, MJ

“…By modeling optimal successional trajectories, we estimated reference values for vegetation structure, diversity, and functioning. After 20 years, successful regeneration should reach a minimum basal area of 14 m². ha−¹, at least 34 tree species per 100 individuals, a structural heterogeneity index of 0.27, and 123 Mg.ha−¹ of aboveground biomass. …”

MEASUR - Manufacturing Energy Assessment Software for Utility Reduction by Accawi, G, Root, R, Blondheim, N, Howard, D, Hernandez, R, Armstrong, K, Cranfill, K, Shires, P, Kaminski, M, Hadden, J, DePauw, J, Sakovets, Y, Causey, C, Beanblossom, K, Whitmer, M, Ledbetter, A, Rappoport, B, Saravanan, S, Merchant, C, Kokul, S, Fontenot, Z, Vance, D, Worley, A, Aziz, O, Ferree, A, Rosser, N, Jensen, J, Adams, M, Rios, R

“…MEASUR has been available for several years as a beta version, being tested by industry experts and real users, and will continue to be updated and improved in the coming years. …”

Fedratinib combined with ropeginterferon alfa-2b in patients with myelofibrosis (FEDORA): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, Bayesian phase II trial by McIlroy, G, Gaskell, C, Jackson, A, Yafai, E, Tasker, R, Thomas, C, Fox, S, Boucher, R, Ghebretinsea, F, Harrison, C, Mead, AJ, McMullin, MF

“…Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal haematopoietic disease, with median overall survival for patients with primary MF only 6.5 years. The most frequent gene mutation found in patients is JAK2V617F, causing constitutive activation of the kinase and activation of downstream signalling. …”

Canadians' opinions towards COVID-19 data-sharing: a national cross-sectional survey by Savić Kallesøe, SA, Rabbani, T, Gill, EE, Brinkman, F, Griffiths, EJ, Zawati, M, Liu, H, Palmour, N, Joly, Y, Hsiao, WWL

“…Generally supportive Canadians were characterised as being ≥50 years, with higher education, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once. …”

Trends in end digit preference for blood pressure and associations with cardiovascular outcomes in Canadian and UK primary care: a retrospective observational study by Greiver, M, Kalia, S, Voruganti, T, Aliarzadeh, B, Moineddin, R, Hinton, W, Dawes, M, Sullivan, F, Syed, S, Williams, J, De Lusignan, S

“…Systolic BP readings ending in zero decreased from 41.8% to 32.5% in the 3 years following the purchase of an AOBP machine. …”

Intersection between individual, household, environmental and system level factors in defining risk and resilience for children in Kenya’s ASAL: A qualitative study by Chongwo, EJ, Aoko, B, Kaniala, M, Esala, M, Magoma, P, Njoroge, E, Nyamanya, S, Marangu, J, Khamis, A, Ng’asike, J, Huizink, AC, Abubakar, A

“…Results: The mean age of the participants was 44years (SD = 11 years). The findings, viewed through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, reveal a complex interplay of contextual factors impacting children’s development. …”

Body composition, body mass, and cardiovascular health in mid-childhood and midlife: a compositional data analysis by Liu, M, Dumuid, D, Olds, T, Burgner, D, Ellul, S, Juonala, M, Wang, Y, Ranganathan, S, Cheung, M, Baur, L, Dwyer, T, Kerr, JA, Lycett, K, Wake, M

“…<p><strong>Background:</strong> We aimed to quantify associations of cardiovascular (CV) large and small artery measures with body composition and body mass (1) separately and (2) in combination in 11- to 12-year-old children and their parents.</p> <br> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In the population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study (1495 children, mean 12 ± 0.4 years, 49.3% girls; 1496 parents, mean 44.3 ± 5.0 years, 86.7% mothers), we measured weight, height, body composition [truncal fat, non-truncal fat, fat-free mass (FFM)], and CV functional (blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, arterial elasticity) and structural (carotid intima-media thickness, retinal arteriolar/venular caliber) outcomes. …”

Quality and outcomes of diabetes care in patients diagnosed with cancer by Griffiths, R

“…<b>Results of the Primary Research</b>: The primary research included 3,382 diabetic cancer patients and 11,135 matched, diabetic, non-cancer controls, who were followed from two years before, up to 10 years after, cancer or a matched date in controls. …”

Heart failure risk stratification using artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram images: a multinational study by Dhingra, LS, Aminorroaya, A, Sangha, V, Pedroso, AF, Asselbergs, FW, Brant, LCC, Barreto, SM, Ribeiro, ALP, Krumholz, HM, Oikonomou, EK, Khera, R

“…<p><strong> Results</strong></p> Among 231 285 YNHHS patients, 4472 had primary HF hospitalizations over 4.5 years (inter-quartile range 2.5–6.6). In UKB and ELSA-Brasil, among 42 141 and 13 454 people, 46 and 31 developed HF over 3.1 (2.1–4.5) and 4.2 (3.7–4.5) years. …”

Cost-utility analysis of molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for community-based adults with COVID-19 and increased risk of adverse outcomes in... by Png, ME, Harris, V, Grabey, J, Hart, ND, Jani, BD, Butler, D, Carson-Stevens, A, Coates, M, Cureton, L, Dobson, M, Dorward, J, Evans, P, Francis, N, Gbinigie, OA, Hayward, G, Holmes, J, Hood, K, Khoo, S, Ahmed, H, Lown, M, McKenna, M, Mort, S, Nguyen-Van-Tam, J, Rahman, N, Richards, DB, Thomas, N, van Hecke, O, Hobbs, FR, Little, P, Yu, L-M, Butler, CC, Petrou, S

“…Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed similar results, except for those aged ≥75 years, with a 55% probability of being cost-effective at a £30 000 per QALY threshold. …”

Individual differences in the effects of physical activity on classroom behaviour by Heemskerk, CHHM, Sumatic, M, Strand, S, Malmberg, L-E

“…</p> <p><strong>Method:</strong> Data was collected from 76 primary school-aged children (<em>M</em> age = 9.3 years, <em>SD</em> = 0.7 years; 46 females). The PE lesson intervention followed a 3 (intensity: low, medium, high) by 2 (complexity: low, high) within-person design. …”

Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh by Khanam, F, Rickett, NY, Ahmmed, F, Islam, MT, Mbae, CK, Im, J, Aziz, AB, Ongadi, B, Chowdhury, F, Khan, AI, Akter, A, Firoj, MG, Rahman, SIA, Haile, K, Park, SE, Mwebia, MB, Mwangi, M, Ngugi, B, Behute, MG, Kering, K, Agampodi, S, Kanungo, S, Liu, X, Pollard, AJ

“…A positive correlation was observed between IgG anti-Vi titers and age (correlation coefficient 0·35; p &lt; 0·001), with a stepwise increase in detectable antibodies by age, ranging from 12·0% (280/2,333) in children under 5 years to 54·2% (463/854) in individuals 50 years and older (p &lt; 0·001). …”