Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): associations with cognition, neuroimaging, and dementia by Yaqub, A, Vojinovic, D, Vernooij, MW, Slagboom, PE, Ghanbari, M, Beekman, M, van der Grond, J, Hankemeier, T, van Duijn, CM, Ikram, MA, Ahmad, S

“…<p><b>Conclusions</b></p> Plasma choline, as opposed to TMAO, was found to be associated with cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and markers of cerebral small vessel disease. These findings illustrate the complexity of relationships between TMAO and its precursors, and emphasize the need for concurrent study to elucidate gut-brain mechanisms.…”

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in people with blood cancer by Copland, E, Hirst, J, Mi, E, Patone, M, Chen, D, Coupland, C, Hippisley-Cox, J

“…</p> <br> <p><strong>Findings:</strong> The cohort comprised 12,274,948 individuals, of whom 81,793 had blood cancer. …”

Maternal postpartum six-week check and short-term health outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Da... by Ramakrishnan, R, Korb, D, Li, Y, Knight, M, Carson, C

“…</p> <br> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There may be missed opportunities in postpartum care among women with HDP. Our findings highlight the need to ensure that general postpartum care is not overlooked in women with specific morbidities in pregnancy.…”

Functional characterisation of multiple sclerosis-­associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Eomesodermin region by Leach, O

“…Despite observing significant differences in expression between genotype groups in a pilot study, findings in a larger cohort did not reach the threshold for significance. …”

Industrial policy refraction: how corporate strategy shapes development outcomes in Brazil by Zylberberg, E

“…Refraction is not categorical, but a matter of degree. My findings are brought to bear on three traditionally disparate bodies of research –industrial policy, corporate strategy and institutional theory – extending each and also bringing them into fruitful communion with one another.…”

The effects of angiotensin-receptor blockade on mood and vigilance behaviour in a gamified foraging task by Morse, L

“…Additionally, we replicated the finding that task environment impacts mood ratings and suggest this task may therefore be useful for investigating mood in future studies.…”

International healthcare workers’ experiences and perceptions of the 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak by Apea, V, Titanji, BK, Dakin, FH, Hayes, R, Smuk, M, Kawu, H, Waters, L, Levy, I, Kuritzkes, DR, Gandhi, M, Rockstroh, J, Schechter, M, Holt, M, Palich, R, Cortes, CP, Nozza, S, Mussini, C, Calmy, A, Crabtree-Ramirez, BE, Blanco, JL, Bhagani, S, Dewsnap, C, Orkin, C, On Behalf of the Mpox SHARE-NET Writing Group

“…Where offered, there were high levels of uptake across all regions. The findings highlight a critical need for addressing the profound gaps in HCW knowledge about re-emerging diseases with pandemic potential. …”

Key transcriptional regulators of neutrophil function in inflammation by Ai, Z

“…KLF6 and RUNX1 deficient neutrophils also displayed impaired transmigration properties. Consistent with findings in the Hoxb8 in vitro model, conditional deletion of RUNX1 in myeloid populations produced lower mature neutrophils in the bone marrow.…”

Participation and cooperation in global climate governance by Rowan, SS

“…Second, patterns of participation are associated with the ambition of countries’ greenhouse gas mitigation targets in the Paris Agreement. These findings help illuminate debates about how states use dense institutional environments, why states join institutions, and the depth of cooperation.…”

Techniques for analysis and integration of histology data and agent-based modelling of T cell-tumour interactions by Stephens, R

“…In the final part of the thesis we develop a new on-lattice ABM which builds on the findings of our first model, and use it to identify conditions under which spatial statistics enable us to make earlier and more accurate predictions of tumour responses to immunotherapy.…”

Accessibility, inclusivity, and implementation of COVID-19 clinical management guidelines early in the pandemic: a global survey by Pilbeam, C, Malden, D, Newell, K, Dagens, A, Kennon, K, Michelen, M, Gobat, N, Sigfrid, L

“…<br><strong> Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight important gaps in COVID-19 CMG development and implementation challenges during a pandemic, particularly affecting at-risk populations and lower resourced settings. …”

Performance and validation of a digital memory test across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum by Toniolo, S, Attaallah, B, Maio, MR, Tabi, YA, Slavkova, E, Klar, VS, Saleh, Y, Idris, MI, Turner, V, Preul, C, Srowig, A, Butler, C, Thompson, S, Manohar, SG, Finke, K, Husain, M

“…Memory imprecision was able to predict cognitive decline on standard cognitive tests over one year. Overall, these findings show how it might be possible to use a digital memory test in clinics and clinical trial contexts to stratify and track performance across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum.…”

Foreign language learning in the age of the internet: A comparison of informal acquirers and traditional classroom learners in central Brazil by Cole, J

“…The evidence suggests this type of motivation, significantly more associated with FASILs than CTLs, led users to engage deeply with the linguistic details of informal sources.</p> <p>The findings challenge dominant paradigms in several fields of SLA which prioritize expert regulation over independent discovery and controlled, collaborative environments over real-world contexts of use entered into for personal reasons.…”

Characterization of ubiquitin-activated DNA-protein crosslink repair in vitro by Zhu, X

“…</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Our study has demonstrated that ubiquitination of the DPC substrates is a key pathway in regulating SPRTN activity. These findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which SPRTN proteolysis in DPCs repair, but also provide a powerful <em>in vitro</em> approach for drug screening to develop new cancer treatment strategies.…”

Enhancing trauma triage in low-resource settings using machine learning: a performance comparison with the Kampala Trauma Score by Nsubuga, M, Kintu, TM, Please, H, Stewart, K, Navarro, SM

“…Conclusion: ML models demonstrated superior predictive capabilities over the KTS in predicting triage decisions, even when utilising a limited set of injury information about the patients. These findings suggest a promising opportunity to advance trauma care in LMICs by integrating ML into triage decision-making. …”

Structure of a fully assembled γδ T-cell antigen receptor by Gully, BS, Ferreira Fernandes, J, Gunasinghe, SD, Vuong, MT, Lui, Y, Rice, MT, Rashleigh, L, Lay, C-S, Littler, DR, Sharma, S, Santos, AM, Venugopal, H, Rossjohn, J, Davis, SJ

“…Reducing this conformational heterogeneity by transferring the V&delta;3V&gamma;8 TCR variable domains to an &alpha;&beta; TCR enhanced receptor signaling, suggesting that &gamma;&delta; TCR organization reflects a compromise between efficient signaling and the ability to engage structurally-diverse ligands. Our findings reveal the remarkable structural plasticity of the TCR on evolutionary timescales, and recast it as a highly versatile receptor capable of initiating signaling as either a rigid or flexible structure.…”

Immunological screening of Lassa virus among health workers and contacts of patients of Lassa fever in Ondo State by Shaibu, JO, Salu, OB, Amoo, OS, Idigbe, I, Musa, AZ, Ezechi, OC, Abejegah, C, Ayodeji, O, Salako, BL, Omilabu, SA, Audu, RA

“…<p><b>Conclusion</b></p> These findings suggest that majority of the health workers are naïve to the virus and hence may be prone to the viral infection. …”

Controls on present-day and future rainfall over southern Africa in coupled climate models by Munday, C

“…Meanwhile, in the subtropical region, intermodel variability in the strength of anomalous northeasterlies across the high topography of Tanzania and Malawi explains 72% of the intermodel spread in rainfall. These findings suggest that improving the representation of the Angola Low, topography and the northeasterly flow should be targets for model development. …”

Extreme rainfall and landslides as a response to human-induced climate change: a case study at Baixada Santista, Brazil, 2020 by Couto de Souza, D, Crespo, NM, Vieira da Silva, D, Harada, LM, Parrode de Godoy, RM, Domingues, LM, Luiz, R, Bortolozo, CA, Metodiev, D, Magalhaes de Andrade, MR, Hartley, A, Cesario de Abreu, R, Li, S, Lott, F, Sparrow, S

“…Our estimates suggest that extreme precipitation events are having shorter return periods due to climate change and increased urbanization and population growth is exposing more people to these events. These findings are especially important for decision-makers in the context of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and adaptation to climate change.…”

Prioritizing questions and topics for the development of guidelines and consensus-based recommendations supported by ILAE: a scoping review and proposal of prioritization criteria by Lin, K, Eyal, S, Demarchi, IG, Ben-Shushan, T, Auvin, S, Khoo, CS, Al-Baradie, R, Sen, A, Newton, C, Ngwende, G, Candez, NM, Sperling, M, Brigo, F, Jette, N, Wiebe, S

“…We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus without time or language limits. The findings were synthesized qualitatively. A consensus-based process was followed to develop a prioritization scoring tool for CPGs and another for CBRs. …”