Challenges and applications to operando and in situ TEM imaging and spectroscopic capabilities in a cryogenic temperature range by Tyukalova, Elizaveta, Vas, Joseph Vimal, Ignatans, Reinis, Mueller, Aaron David, Medwal, Rohit, Imamura, Masaaki, Asada, Hironori, Fukuma, Yasuhiro, Rawat, Rajdeep Singh, Tileli, Vasiliki, Duchamp, Martial

“…Such studies are promising for studying the pinning of the ferroelectric and magnetic domains versus temperature, spin-polarized current, and externally applied magnetic field to better manipulate the domain walls. …”
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Enlightening of the low-dimensional high-TC superconductivity: bond contraction and electron dual polarization [低维高温超导的启示: 键收缩与电子双重极化] by Sun, Chang Qing

“…Second, atomic undercoordination of the O-Cu chains and the O-Cu planes shortens and stiffens the local O-Cu bond and lengthens and weakens the O:Cup nonbonding interactions associated with further enhancement of the Cup dipoles polarization, this process is the same as the O:H-O bond relaxation and polarization occurred to the skins of water and ice. Last, the electronphonon interaction is realized by the undercoordination-induced bond relaxation and the dual polarization by lone pairs and bond contraction. …”
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Strategies to modulate Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor properties for low temperature transparent transistors by Kulkarni, Mohit Rameshchandra

“…Such surface modifications can achieve a change in the carrier concentration by change in work function or shifting- pinning of the Fermi level, or additional field generated due to dipoles created at the surface. …”
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Fabrication and characterization of graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced bioceramic nanocomposites by Hu, Huanlong

“…The reinforcing mechanism was due to the lubrication and pinning effects of rGO, which resulted in high resistance to penetration, elastic recovery capability, low-cycle fatigue resistance, and microcrack propagation inhibition properties. …”
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