Interpreting panoramic radiographs for beginners by Ghazali, Ahmad Badruddin

“…Panoramic radiography is widely used in dentistry and was considered a significant breakthrough as both jaws, together with the dentition, are imaged with a quick and straightforward procedure.1 It has a wide variety of uses requiring broad coverage of the jaws, including traumatic fractures, impacted third molars, dental problems or bony diseases, evaluation of tooth development, temporomandibular joint pain and other anomalies.2 Distinct soft tissue, bony landmarks from midfacial to the chin region as well as the teeth can be seen in the radiograph.3 Interpreting panoramic radiographs may be tricky especially for beginners, and this article will discuss the steps needed to read the wide sized black, white and grey images.…”
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Islam and the legal system of Malaysia by Shuaib, Farid Sufian, Bari, Abdul Aziz

“…Issues pertaining to Islam and the legal system of Malaysia, including particularly that of her constitutional system, need to be seen within the right context. One also need to understand the composition as well as the nature of the legal system, including its origin and developments, ever since civilization started in the country. …”
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Sex differences as a statistical variable by Lange-Kuettner, Christiane

“…Gender differences are often seen as either biologically determined, or culturally acquired or conditioned. …”
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Competitiveness of credit associations and credit cooperatives in Japan by Matousek, Roman, Minegishi, Shinya, Stewart, Chris

“…Our estimate indicates that size of mutual financial institution has a positive impact on revenue. The same may be seen for the number of branches. In fact, it means that the growth of banks activities is reflected in higher revenues.…”
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Integrating cognitive behavioural and Islamic principles in psychology and psychotherapy: a narrative review by Cucchi, Angie

“…Standardisation of knowledge has become a by-product of globalisation, and western-based models are often seen as the ultimate answer to expertise and development. …”
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Artificial intelligence (AI) by Ismail, Fadillah, al Hosaini, Adnan Ali Hassan, Wei, Chan Shiau, Ruslan, Rumaizah, Maulad Bahrol, Khadijah

“…Since the first appearance of the words “artificial intelligence”, usually associated with John McCarthy’s 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project, interest in the topic and research into the development of intelligent machines has seen several ups and downs.…”
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Women and flexitime by Abdul Kadir, Adibah, Maulad Bahro, Khadijah, Mohd Rosli, Nur Amalina, Ismail, Fadillah

“…At present also, it can be seen that the individual requires more balance between work and life at the same time they have more time to take care of their families. …”
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Development of triga mark ii research reactor core monitoring system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system by Mohd Ali, Nur Syazwani

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Novel opto-electronic and plastic fibre sensors by Ioannides, Nicos

“…The middle POF is coupled to a red LED and emits light onto a flat target with the two outer fibres receiving the reflected light from the target and guiding it to two silicon PIN photodiodes. Theoretical investigations on the behaviour of the sensor are presented for ranges between 0 mm and 100 mm, and for targets with different reflectivities. …”
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Developing the ethical foundations of Islamic economics: benefitting from Toshihiko Izutsu by Haneef, Mohamed Aslam, Furqani, Hafas

“…In particular, the concept of man as khalÊfah-Ñabd is seen as having significant ethical implications on how economics and economic decision-making would be developed.…”
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Optimal large linear complexity frequency hopping patterns derived from polynomial residue class rings by Udaya, Paramapalli, Siddiqi, Mohammad Umar

“…The nonlinear sequences have large linear complexity and can be seen as a generalized version of GMW sequences over fields…”
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From Pasha to Cleopatra and Vashti: the Oriental Other in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette by Mohd Ramli, Aimillia

“…In the novel, the Oriental familial institution of the harem is figuratively and literally seen as a contaminant that poses a threat to a racial and gendered colonial British character. …”
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Knowledge by stipulation: the rectification of names by Shahab, Syed Alwi

“…So what is left over from all this will be "raw" beliefs which have not been converted into knowns and other synthetic or hybrid simulcra commonly seen as information or data. …”
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Say you say me: on entrepreneurship education as a differentiation strategy by Abu Samah, Ainon Jauhariah, Omar, Azura

“…The students interviewed generally perceive Bachelor of Business Management (Entrepreneurship) as a specialized program meant to create business founders whereas Bachelor of Business Administration is seen as a mould for industry-ready worker.…”
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Measuring information contents quality of E-Services through mobile devices by Zamzami, Ikhlas, Mahmud, Murni

“…The challenges are displaying the most important contents to be seen on the small screen of the mobile device. This book chapter describe interface design and information quality needs and user satisfactions measurement within electronic services. …”
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Oculist's contributions to cataract operation by Asih, Devi Ratna, Ismail, Ahmad Faris

“…The significance oflhis chapter can be seen in catamet uperation procedure are which is still recognized and use by our modern medical procedures practices…”
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Muhammad Abduh’s contributions to modernity by Amir, Ahmad N., Shuriye, Abdi Omar, Ismail, Ahmad Faris

“…His contribution to Islamic modernism was clearly seen in liberalizing the educational system, restructuring the mufti (jurist consult) office, transforming the Islamic worldview, championing Islamic feminism and integrating western and Islamic ideals and tradition.…”
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Land laws for the future by Mohamad, Nor Asiah

“…Even if there are many, the effectiveness of some of the laws is yet to be seen in promoting green and sustainable agendas. …”
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Luc’s Abscess: a reminder of a potential complication of otitis media by Asha'ari, Zamzil Amin, Shiyuti, Muhd Izani, Zihni, Muhammad

“…Henry Luc first described this condition a century ago and in the antibiotic era, such manifestation is now rarely seen. We report the case of a 73- year-old man diagnosed with Luc’s abscess who presented with a week’s history of right temporal swelling that was associated with fever, right ear pain and progressive hearing impairment. …”
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An integrated approach of biomedical image management system by Suhaimi, Mohd Adam, Yasrib, Asma, Rahman, M.M. Hafizur

“…From these three case studies, it is seen that our designed biomedical image management system possesses several attractive features including user friendly, secured and stable, extensible and able to support all image modality, integrated with the hospital information system.…”
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