Probing the toxicity mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on bacteria by Hartono, Maria Regina, Kushmaro, Ariel, Chen, Xiaodong, Marks, Robert S.

“…Using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, we demonstrated that membrane damage is caused largely by MWCNTs trapping bacteria and piercing the cell walls. …”
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Sputtered PdO decorated TiO2 sensing layer for a hydrogen gas sensor by Lee, Jeong Hoon, Kwak, Seungmin, Lee, Jin-Hyung, Kim, Inho, Yoo, Yong Kyoung, Lee, Tae Hoon, Shim, Young-Seok, Kim, Jinseok, Lee, Kyu Hyoung

“…Using an in situ TiO2/Pd multilayer annealing process at 550°C for 1 hour, we observed that Pd turns into PdO by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile and confirmed decorated PdO on TiO2 sensing layer from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic-force microscope (AFM). …”
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Investigation of wettability properties of laser surface modified rare earth Mg alloy by Khadka, Indira, Castagne, Sylvie, Wang, Zhongke, Zheng, Hongyu

“…Microstructure and surface morphology were examined by scanning electron microscope and profilometer, respectively. …”
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Fracture toughness assessment of a solder joint using double cantilever beam specimens by Lee, Adeline Puay Chen, Lim, Zan Xuan, Yantara, Natalia, Loo, Shane Zhi Yuan, Tee, Tong Yan, Tan, Cher Ming, Chen, Zhong

“…To understand the degradation, fractographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been carried out from both top and cross-sectional views of the fractured surfaces.…”
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Influences of graphene oxide support on the electrochemical performances of graphene oxide-MnO2 nanocomposites by Yang, Huanping, Jiang, Jian, Zhou, Weiwei, Lai, Linfei, Xi, Lifei, Lam, Yeng Ming, Shen, Zexiang, Khezri, Bahareh, Yu, Ting

“…The structure and morphology of MnO2-GO nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption. …”
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Electroless copper deposition as a seed layer on TiSiN barrier by Chen, Z., Xu, S., Chan, L., See, K. H., Law, S. B., Ee, Elden Yong Chiang

“…The properties of deposited electroless copper are characterized by x-ray diffraction, four-point resistivity probe, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The required palladium activation time is greatly reduced on TiSiN compared to TiN. …”
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Characterization of IMC layer and its effect on thermomechanical fatigue life of Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu solder joints by Che, Faxing, Pang, John Hock Lye

“…Solid state IMC growth thickness measurements were determined from scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations for Cu–Sn and Cu–Ni–Sn IMC systems. …”
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Electrospun conductive polyaniline–polylactic acid composite nanofibers as counter electrodes for rigid and flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by Mhaisalkar, Subodh Gautam, Ramakrishna, Seeram, Peng, Shengjie, Zhu, Peining, Wu, Yongzhi

“…Conductive polyaniline doped with 10-camphorsulfonic acid (PANI·CSA) blended with polylactic acid (PLA) composite films are directly deposited on rigid fluorine-doped tin oxide and flexible indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate substrates by using a simple electrospinning method. The scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope images show that the PANI·CSA–PLA film is assembled from about 200 nm-diameter nanofibers, with a generally uniform thickness of about 2 μm. …”
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Electrospun TiO2-graphene composite nanofibers as a highly durable insertion anode for lithium ion batteries by Zhang, Xiang, Kumar, Palaniswamy Suresh, Aravindan, Vanchiappan, Liu, Huihui, Sundaramurthy, Jayaraman, Mhaisalkar, Subodh Gautam, Duong, Hai Minh, Ramakrishna, Seeram, Madhavi, Srinivasan

“…Structural and morphological properties were characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface area analysis. …”
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Hierarchical TiO2 nanoflakes and nanoparticles hybrid structure for improved photocatalytic activity by Tang, Yuxin, Wee, Peixin, Lai, Yuekun, Wang, Xiaoping, Gong, Dangguo, Kanhere, Pushkar D., Lim, Teik-Thye, Dong, Zhili, Chen, Zhong

“…The morphology, crystal structure, surface area, and photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface area analysis, and UV–vis spectroscopy respectively. …”
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Physical properties of palm kernel olein-anhydrous milk fat mixtures transesterified using mycelium-bound lipase from Rhizomucor miehei by Liew, Margaret Y.B., Ghazali, H.M., Long, K., Lai, O.M., Yazid, A.M.

“…The melting thermograms from differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated changes in the triglyceride's crystalline composition and an overall shift to lower melting TG. …”
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Optimization of eco-waste synthesis in zinc oxidegraphene oxide for cephalexin antibiotics removal by Heshammuddin, N A, M Zailan, M T, Mohamed, R M S R, Mohd-Kamil, N A F

“…The Eco-ZnO/GO nanocomposite that were generated from waste is used for adsorption in an aqueous solution. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was used to characterise Eco-Zno/GO nanocomposite while Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to optimise the removal efficiency of CFX across three factors: starting concentration, mixing speed, and contact time. …”
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Laser-induced texturing: A sustainable approach to self-cleaning mechanisms in solar panel by Rai, Rahool, M., Ishak, Aiman, Mohd Halil, M. M., Quazi, Sudhakar, K.

“…The literature shows involvement of optimization of laser processing parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, repetition rate and their interdependent relation, to achieve super-hydrophobic surfaces. …”
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Violations of physical and psychological expectations in the human adult brain by Liu, Shari, Lydic, Kirsten, Mei, Lingjie, Saxe, Rebecca

“…As one approach to test this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan the brains of human adults (total N = 49, 22 female, mean age of 26 years) while they viewed stimuli that were originally designed to test for physical and psychological expectations in infants. …”
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Selective removal of hydroxyl groups from graphene oxide by Chua, Chun Kiang, Pumera, Martin

“…The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the graphene materials have been fully characterised based on high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. …”
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Lithium intercalation compound dramatically influences the electrochemical properties of exfoliated MoS2 by Ambrosi, Adriano, Sofer, Zdeněk, Pumera, Martin

“…Here, the use of three different organolithium compounds are investigated and compared, i.e., methyllithium (Me-Li), n-butyllithium (n-Bu-Li) and tert-butyllithium (t-Bu-Li), used for the exfoliation of bulk MoS2. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are adopted for a comprehensive characterization of all materials under investigation. …”
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Development of green nutrient delivery substrates for hydroponics culture by Tan, Hui Lin

“…Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the chemical structures of keratin and cellulose remained intact within the sponge. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that cellulose and copper-carbon dots reinforced the porous structure of keratin. …”
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Numerical simulation of microstructural evolution in laser welding process by Cheah, De Yi

“…Two separate sets of simulations were carried out by arying different values for parameters – laser power and laser scanning velocity. Comparison and onclusion for thermal analysis and microstructural analysis were made. …”
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Nanoindentation study on the mechanical behaviour of 3-D printed high-entropy alloys by Lum, Natalie Chee Shuan

“…The microstructure of the HEA samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as x-ray diffraction (XRD). …”
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Ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer degradation by environmental microbes by Wong, Bryan Jun Long

“…The biodegradation effects of the microorganisms on the EVA samples were evaluated using different techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), measurement of optical density (OD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). …”
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