Bi-factorial preference optimization: balancing safety-helpfulness in language models by Zhang, W, Torr, PHS, Elhoseiny, M, Bibi, A

“…To address this issue, we propose a supervised learning framework called Bi-Factorial Preference Optimization (BFPO), which re-parameterizes a joint RLHF objective of both safety and helpfulness into a single supervised learning objective. In the supervised optimization, a labeling function is used to capture global preferences ranking to balance both safety and helpfulness. …”

A regulatory SNP causes a human genetic disease by creating a new transcriptional promoter by De Gobbi, M, Viprakasit, V, Hughes, JR, Fisher, C, Buckle, V, Ayyub, H, Gibbons, RJ, Vernimmen, D, Yoshinaga, Y, de Jong, P, Cheng, J-F, Rubin, EM, Wood, Wg, Bowden, D, Higgs, DR

“…After resequencing and using a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and expression analysis on a tiled oligonucleotide array, we identified a gain-of-function regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (rSNP) in a nongenic region between the α-globin genes and their upstream regulatory elements. …”

Fiber Bragg gratings with micro-engineered temperature coefficients by Song, Z, Wang, M, Payne, F, Salter, P, Liu, T, Elston, S, Booth, M, Morris, S, Fells, J

“…We microfabricated low loss FBGs in standard single-mode fiber, with wide control over their temperature coefficient between +10 pm/°C and -55 pm/°C. …”

Molecular and spatial analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in Sjogren’s syndrome by Nayar, S, Turner, JD, Asam, S, Fennell, E, Pugh, M, Colafrancesco, S, Berardicurti, O, Smith, CG, Flint, J, Teodosio, A, Iannizzotto, V, Gardner, DH, van Roon, J, Korsunsky, I, Howdle, D, Frei, AP, Lassen, KG, Bowman, SJ, Ng, W, Croft, AP, Filer, A, Fisher, BA, Buckley, CD, Barone, F

“…While many of the molecular mechanisms involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation have been identified, the cellular sources and temporal and spatial relationship remain unknown. Here we use combine single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics of minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren’s disease and Sicca Syndrome, with ex-vivo functional studies to construct a cellular and spatial map of key components involved in the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures. …”

Symmetrical ‘super learning’: enhancing learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome by Murphy, RA, Castiello, S

“…In a learning environment, with multiple predictive cues for a single outcome, cues interfere with or enhance each other during the acquisition process (e.g., Baker et al., 1993). …”

Resolving ambiguities in autocalibration by Zisserman, A, Liebowitz, D, Armstrong, M

“…This is illustrated for the particular ambiguity arising for motions with a single direction of the rotation axis. Four types of constraint are analyzed, and the conditions under which the ambiguity is not resolved are given. …”

Development of millimetre-wave heterodyne array for airborne and space satellite mission by Tan, B, Wenninger, J, Yassin, G

“…We then demonstrate these capabilities by presenting the design and built of a small pixel-count array near 220 GHz range, combining both the E- and H-polarisation chains within a single mixer block. Finally, we briefly describe our recent works on the superconducting parametric amplifier technology that could potentially replace the conventional semiconductor amplifiers that are power hungry and dissipate large amount of heat, which render the construction of large arrays difficult.…”

‘Swirling' around translanguaging spaces of nature of science in multilingual classrooms by Cheung, KKC, Erduran, S, Oancea, A

“…In order to create a linguistically inclusive environment for multilingual learners’ meaning making of nature of science (NOS), it is important to allow students to freely mobilise different linguistic and modal resources for meaning making. In this single case study of a Hong Kong seventh-grade linguistically diverse classroom, we characterise two types of translanguaging spaces for meaning making of NOS: NOS-negotiation space and NOS-inscription space. …”

Inferring structural variant cancer cell fraction by Cmero, M, Yuan, K, Ong, CS, Schröder, J, PCAWG Evolution and Heterogeneity Working Group, Corcoran, NM, Papenfuss, T, Hovens, CM, Markowetz, F, Macintyre, G, PCAWG Consortium

“…We find that SVclone's performance is comparable to single-nucleotide variant-based methods, despite having an order of magnitude fewer data points. …”

Stem cell-derived embryo models: moral advance or moral obfuscation? by Gyngell, C, Lynch, F, Sawai, T, Savulescu, J

“…The way humans develop from a single-cell zygote to a complex multicellular organism remains poorly understood. …”

Masked multiple state space model identification using FRD and evolutionary optimization by Efe, Mehmet Önder, Kürkçü, Burak, Kasnakoğlu, Coşku, Mohamed, Zaharuddin, Liu, Zhijie

“…Results show that the proposed optimization approach solves the problem and compresses multiple dynamical models into a single masked one.…”

Technology Management in Lean Manufacturing Implementation: A Case Study by Nordin, Norani, Othman, Ghazali

“…This system is useful to ensure production process in operation smoothly run without interrupted. A single-case study was employed. The three different methods for data gathering: interview, observation and documents all contributed towards the data analysis. …”
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Pulsed fiber laser at 1 μm wavelength region by Liu, Meng

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Behaviour of steel reinforced concrete columns with high strength materials by Cai, Yan Qing

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Simulating the transport and dispersal of volcanic ash clouds with initial conditions created by a 3D plume model by Cao, Zhixuan, Bursik, Marcus, Yang, Qingyuan, Patra, Abani

“…Our investigation reveals that initial particle distribution in the vertical direction, including within the umbrella cloud, has more impact on the long-range transport of ash clouds than does the horizontal distribution. …”
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Natural robustness of machine learning in the open world by Wei, Hongxin

“…Besides, we provide the first attempt to utilize out-of-distribution data to rebalance the class priors of long-tailed datasets and study the effect of out-of-distribution data on the learned representations in long-tailed learning. …”
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Biaxial strain induced OH engineer for accelerating alkaline hydrogen evolution by Zhang, Tao, Ye, Qitong, Han, Zengyu, Liu, Qingyi, Liu, Yipu, Wu, Dongshuang, Fan, Hong Jin

“…Here, we develop biaxially strained MoSe2 three dimensional nanoshells that exhibit enhanced catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 58.2 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in base, and long-term stable activity in membrane-electrode-assembly based electrolyser at 1 A cm−2. …”
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Outcomes of shoulder replacement surgery in routine care by Craig, RS

“…</p> <p>Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to calculate the risks of long-term revision and early serious adverse events. …”

Instrumentation optimisation for unicompartmental knee replacement by Arthur, LW

“…However, there is limited understanding of long-term complications of the cementless OUKR beyond 10 years, such as aseptic loosening and bearing fracture, and short-term complications, such as tibial component subsidence (TCS) and tibial periprosthetic fracture (TPF). …”

The influence of pregnancy complications on fetal and neonatal cardiovascular development by Aye, C

“…<p>It is becoming increasingly clear that exposure to pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and premature birth (birth before 37 weeks gestation) have a long term and specific effect on future cardiovascular disease development and risk in the offspring. …”