Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 by Gupta, A, Hathi, P, Banaji, M, Gupta, P, Kashyap, R, Paikra, V, Sharma, K, Somanchi, A, Sudharsanan, N, Vyas, S

“…Marginalized social groups experienced greater declines than the most privileged social group. These findings uncover large and unequal mortality impacts during the pandemic in the world’s most populous country. …”

Quality over quantity: powering neuroimaging samples in psychiatry by Makowski, C, Nichols, TE, Dale, AM

“…We also provide suggestions for leveraging multiple datasets to inform each other and strengthen our confidence in the generalization of findings to both population-level and clinical samples. …”

A comparison of content learning outcomes between Japanese and English medium instruction by Aizawa, I, Rose, H, McKinley, J, Thompson, G

“…While the quantitative results revealed no significant overall differences in the adjusted post-test scores between EMI and JMI students, the qualitative data offered more detailed insight into the participants’ perspectives of content learning, highlighting unique challenges faced only by the EMI group. Findings point to implications for educational provision in contexts where the global trend of EMI has largely been unaccompanied with research evidence on its cost-effectiveness.…”

Neuro‐immune interactions in health and disease: insights from FENS‐Hertie 2022 Winter School by Binder, LB, Rosa, PB, de Sousa, BM, Chagas, LS, Dubljević, O, Martineau, FS, Mottarlini, F, Castany, S, Morton, L, Krstanović, F, Tassinari, ID, Choconta, JL, Pereira‐Santos, AR, Weinhard, L, Pallegar, PN, Vahsen, BF, Lepiarz‐Raba, I, Compagnion, A, Lorente‐Picón, M

“…However, much is yet to be understood about the underlying mechanisms of these neuro‐immune interactions in the healthy brain and under pathological scenarios. In addition to new findings in this emerging field, novel methodologies and animal models were presented to foment research on neuro‐immunology. …”

‘I don’t care who joins my choir’: investigating attitudes to diversity and inclusivity in lower- and upper-voice choirs in the United Kingdom by MacGregor, E

“…In this article, we draw on the findings of a recent online survey of 907 participants in mixed-, lower-, and upper-voice choirs to examine the factors underlying these issues. …”

English medium instruction, EAP/ESP: exploring overlap and divergences in research aims by Macaro, E, Aizawa, I

“…We additionally examined research settings and participants across these studies. Our findings revealed a spectrum of research questions with largely distinct areas of research interest and considerable differences in research settings. …”

Estimating evolutionary and demographic parameters via ARG-derived IBD by Huang, Z, Kelleher, J, Chan, Y, Balding, D

“…Computational cost limits model complexity in our approach, but we are able to incorporate unknown nuisance parameters and model misspecification, still finding improved parameter inference.…”

Ancient bacterial genomes reveal a high diversity of Treponema pallidum strains in early modern Europe by Majander, K, Pfrengle, S, Kocher, A, Neukamm, J, du Plessis, L, Pla-Díaz, M, Arora, N, Akgül, G, Salo, K, Schats, R, Inskip, S, Oinonen, M, Valk, H, Malve, M, Kriiska, A, Onkamo, P, González-Candelas, F, Kühnert, D, Krause, J, Schuenemann, VJ

“…We also discovered a previously unknown T. pallidum lineage recovered as a sister group to yaws- and bejel-causing lineages. These findings imply a more complex pattern of geographical distribution and etiology of early treponemal epidemics than previously understood.…”

“But some were more equal than others:” exploring inequality at Neolithic Çatalhöyük by Twiss, KC, Bogaard, A, Haddow, S, Milella, M, Taylor, JS, Veropoulidou, R, Kay, K, Knüsel, CJ, Tsoraki, C, Vasić, M, Pearson, J, Busacca, G, Mazzucato, C, Pochron, S

“…We perceive broadly similar access to staple foods, but not to goods less directly related to survival; relatively elevated income inequality during the middle portion of the site’s occupation, plausibly deliberately tamped down; and no evidence for institutionalized or lasting economic or social inequality. These findings shed light on Neolithic social dynamics and also contribute to broader discussions of inequality and the social ramifications of early agropastoralism. …”

Mitigating the challenges of distribution shift under strong computational constraints by Botos, C

“…The thesis also extends its investigation to online continual learning with label delay, proposing a novel approach to address the challenges of evolving data distributions and delayed feedback. The findings have significant implications beyond vision tasks, with the potential to impact a wide range of real-world applications. …”

In between multilingualism and monolingualism: exploring language practices, attitudes, and management among Bangladeshi households in England by Kolancali, P, Hodgkiss, A, Mathers, S, Nag, S, Hewitt, E, Murphy, V

“…Many parents are interested in language support programs, particularly for maintaining their heritage languages, but face barriers to participation. The findings are analysed in the context of existing literature, offering implications for future research and policy practices.…”

Novel loci and biomedical consequences of iron homoeostasis variation by Allara, E, Bell, S, Smith, R, Keene, SJ, Gill, D, Gaziano, L, Morselli Gysi, D, Wang, F, Tragante, V, Mason, A, Karthikeyan, S, Lumbers, RT, Bonglack, E, Ouwehand, W, Roberts, DJ, Dowsett, J, Ostrowski, SR, Larsen, MH, Ullum, H, Pedersen, OB, Brunak, S, Banasik, K, Erikstrup, C, Mitchell, J

“…These associations were largely driven by HFE, which was associated with the largest iron variation. Our findings enhance understanding of iron homoeostasis and its biomedical consequences, suggesting that lifelong exposure to higher iron levels is likely associated with lower risk of anaemia-related disorders and higher risk of genitourinary, musculoskeletal, infectious and neoplastic diseases.…”

Rethinking urban street experiments through Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis: from vehicles and vibrancy to virtuosos by Chan, THY

“…Combining rhythmanalysis with spatial discourse analysis, the study ‘reads’ and ‘listens’ to temporary spaces through historical records (N = 55) of seven street experiments in Hong Kong from 2016 to 2020. Findings uncover the overly abstract agendas of these experiments — exemplified through narratives involving chairs, railings, and traffic signals — often oversimplify and exclude possibilities. …”

Literacy instruction from afar: evidence for the effectiveness of a remotely delivered language-rich reading programme by Downing, C, Evans-Jones, G, Calabrich, SL, Wynne, C, Cartin, R, Dunton, J, Elliott, R, Caravolas, M, Hulme, C, Jones, M

“…This study demonstrates that a remotely-delivered literacy programme is effective. These findings have important implications for delivering specialist literacy instruction at scale.…”

What is that I hear? An interdisciplinary review and research agenda for non‐native accents in the workplace by Hideg, I, Shen, W, Hancock, S

“…Second, we organize and integrate extant research findings using a 2 × 2 framework that incorporates the two main theoretical perspectives used to explain the effects of accents—stereotypes and processing fluency—and the two primary categories of workplace outcomes examined—interpersonal (i.e., others' evaluations of speakers with non-native accents, such as hiring recommendations) and intrapersonal (i.e., non-native-accented speakers' own evaluations and experiences, such as sense of belonging). …”

Homo europaeus: identity, bureaucracy and belonging in Brussels by Montgomery, S

“…It argues that Brussels-based European identity is not a delimited category anchored in specific points in time and space but an ‘elective identity’ that is a steppingstone to a global cosmopolitan manner of being in and interacting with the world. Its findings speak to an anthropological understanding of the conditions and possibilities for being European and belonging to Europe, where Europeanness emerges as an assertion of systemic integration in a turbulent geopolitical context marked by overlapping crises and enduring fragmentation.…”

Dysregulation of MMP2-dependent TGF-ß2 activation impairs fibrous cap formation in type 2 diabetes-associated atherosclerosis by Singh, P, Sun, J, Cavalera, M, Al-Sharify, D, Matthes, F, Barghouth, M, Tengryd, C, Dunér, P, Persson, A, Sundius, L, Nitulescu, M, Bengtsson, E, Rattik, S, Engelbertsen, D, Orho-Melander, M, Nilsson, J, Monaco, C, Goncalves, I, Edsfeldt, A

“…This is regulated by free transforming growth factor-ß2 which is affected by hyperglycemia. Our findings underscore the importance of transforming growth factor-ß2-driven fibrous repair in type 2 diabetes as an area for future therapeutic strategies.…”

Ideology, language and the politics of time by Ewing, A

“…From the standpoint of ideology studies, it incorporates methods and findings in conceptual history and in the work of Reinhart Koselleck, the primary theorist in the field, to the study of political thinking. …”

Collective effect of self-learning and social learning on language dynamics: a naming game approach in social networks by Wen, T, Chen, Y-W, Lambiotte, R

“…Two features that pertain to individuals’ influential ability and affinity are introduced to assess an individual’s role of social influence and discount the information they communicate in the Bayesian inference-based social learning model. Our findings suggest that network heterogeneity and community structure significantly impact language dynamics, as evidenced in synthetic and real-world networks. …”

Harnessing ultrasound-derived hydroxyl radicals for the selective oxidation of aldehyde functions by Fischer, AF, Bahry, T, Xie, Z, Qian, K, Li, R, Kwan, J, Jerome, F, Valange, S, Liu, W, Amaniampong, PN, Choksi, TS

“…Leveraging such pH and frequency effects is crucial to mitigating product degradation by secondary reactions with hydroxyl radicals and oxidation products (specifically hydrogen peroxide and superoxide). These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasound as a driver for the selective oxidation of aldehyde functions to carboxylic acids, offering a sustainable route for valorizing biomass-derived platform molecules.…”