Evaluating the socio-environmental impacts of monoculture cashew expansion in the Northern Western Ghats, India by Anushka Rege

“…Lastly, I compared bird diversity across cashew plantations, privately owned forests and government-controlled forests, using both acoustic methods and point count methods. I further examined how landscape-level covariates influenced the bird species richness and abundances. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Steinmetz, JD, Seeher, KM, Schiess, N, Bennett, DA, Maude, RJ, Newton, CRJ, Rodriguez, JAB

“…<p><b>Interpretation</b></p> As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. …”

General practice antibiotic prescriptions attributable to respiratory syncytial virus by age and antibiotic class: an ecological analysis of the English population by Miller, L, Beaney, T, Hope, R, Cunningham, M, Robotham, J, Pouwels, K, Costelloe, CE

“…<p><strong> Objectives</strong></p> To estimate the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in English general practice attributable to RSV by age and antibiotic class. <p><strong> Methods</strong></p> Generalised additive models examined associations between weekly counts of general practice antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections from 2015 to 2018, adjusting for temperature, practice holidays and remaining seasonal confounders. …”

Global burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias attributed to metabolic risks from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021 by Zhang, X, Guo, T, Zhang, Y, Jiao, M, Ji, L, Dong, Z, Li, H, Chen, S, Zheng, W, Jing, Q

“…Results: Globally, the count of AD and other dementia-related deaths due to metabolic risks grew from 98,608 to 399,824, a 4.1-fold increase. …”

Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: a process evaluation by P. Rigby, B, Needham, N, Grossi, H, Kamenska, I, H. Campbell, I, Meadowcroft, B, Creasy, F, Fisher, C, Bahuguna, P, Norrie, J, Thompson, G, C. Gibbs, M, Mitchell-Grigorjeva, M, McLellan, A, Moses, T, Burgess, K, Brown, R, J. Thrippleton, M, Campbell, H, J. Smith, D, A. Simpson, S

“…This research aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a ketogenic diet intervention for bipolar disorder, fidelity to its behavioural components and the experiences of the participants and research clinicians involved. Methods: A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted. …”

Design of EWMA control chart for minimizing the proportion of defective units by Shamsuzzaman, Mohammad, Wu, Zhang

“…In addition, the design of MD-EWMA chart combines forecasting with controlling methods of quality management.…”
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Antibacterial effect of ethanolic Gnetum gnemon L. leaf extract on food-borne pathogens and its application as a natural preservative on raw quail eggs by Trisha, Mansura Rahman, Deavyndra Gunawan, Vyenna, Wong, Jun Xian, Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri, Rukayadi, Yaya

“…The antimicrobial activity of EGLE was evaluated using multiple methods, including the well diffusion assay (WDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assay. …”
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Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission related to common infections: Risk prediction models to tackle antimicrobial resistance in primary care by Fahmi, A, Palin, V, Zhong, X, Yang, Y, Watts, S, Ashcroft, DM, Goldacre, B, MacKenna, B, Fisher, L, Massey, J, Mehrkar, A, Bacon, S, the OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Hand, K, van Staa, TP

“…The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment of common infections, develop risk prediction models and examine the effects of antibiotics on infection-related hospital admissions. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we accessed electronic health records from The Phoenix Partnership (TPP) through OpenSAFELY platform. …”

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden... by Bender, RG, Sirota, SB, Swetschinski, LR, Berkley, JA, Eyre, DW, McManigal, B, Pollard, AJ, Roberts, T, Runghien, T, Sartorius, B

“…The pathogens responsible for the second and third highest episode counts globally were other viral aetiologies (46·4 million [43·6–49·3] episodes) and Mycoplasma spp (25·3 million [23·5–27·2]), while those responsible for the second and third highest death counts were S aureus (424 000 [380 000–459 000]) and K pneumoniae (176 000 [158 000–194 000]). …”

Characterising the T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 including variants of concern induced by natural infection and vaccines by Adele, S

“…Chapter 2 provides an overview of the methods used in this thesis. In Chapter 3, I examine the impact of extended dosing intervals on T cell responses in both previously infected and naïve individuals. …”

Medium formulation and optimisation of fermentation condition enhancing g-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) biosynthesis by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B7 by Pannerchelvan, Sangkaran, Faizal Wong, Fadzlie Wong, Wasoh, Helmi, Mohamed, Mohd Shamzi, Mohamad, Rosfarizan, Halim, Murni

“…GABA produced using microbe is favoured compared to enzymatic and chemical methods due to operational ease and reduced harmful pollutant formation. …”
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Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: who and when? by Ng, Tat Ming, Ong, Sean W. X., Loo, Audrey Y. X., Tan, Sock Hoon, Tay, Hui Lin, Yap, Min Yi, Lye, David C., Lee, Tau Hong, Young, Barnaby Edward

“…Compared to white cell count and procalcitonin level, the C-reactive protein level had the best diagnostic accuracy for documented bacterial infections (area under the curve, AUC of 0.822). …”
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Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022-2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Vollset, SE, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Lacey, BWH, GBD 2021 Forecasting Collaborators

“…The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. …”

Expediting treatments in the 21st century: orphan drugs and accelerated approvals by Domike, Reuben, Raju, G. K., Sullivan, Jamie, Kennedy, Annie

“…Although orphan drug approvals based on NMEs are the minority of orphan drug designations, the count of approved orphan drug NMEs has increased in recent years. …”
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Effects of "Thursdays at the Museum" at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts on the mental and physical health of older community dwellers : the art-health randomized clinical trial pr... by Beauchet, Olivier, Cooper-Brown, Liam, Hayashi, Yoko, Galery, Kevin, Vilcocq, Christine, Bastien, Thomas

“…Assessments of the primary outcome (well-being) and the secondary outcomes (quality of life, frailty, and physiological measures including heart rate, daily step count, sleep duration, and its phases) are performed on six occasions: at baseline, at the beginning of the second and third months, at the end of the third month, as well as 6 and 12 months after the last workshop. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Feigin, VL, Abate, MD, Abate, YH, Bandyopadhyay, S, Bennett, DA, Lacey, B, Newton, CRJ

“…We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. <p><b>Methods</b></p> We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. …”

Brewers’ spent grains as potential novel functional food ingredients for food security by Tan, Yong Xing

“…In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates sustainable, zero waste food processing methods to enrich and harvest the nutrients present in underutilized BSG through fermentation using Bacillus subtilis WX-17.…”
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Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 co... by Ferrari, AJ, Santomauro, DF, Aali, A, Lacey, BWH, Rodriguez, JAB

“…GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. …”

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2... by Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Bandyopadhyay, S, Bennett, DA, Browne, AJ, Graham, SM, Rodriguez, JAB, Runghien, T, Sartorius, B

“…Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk–outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. …”

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Glob... by Naghavi, M, Ong, KL, Aali, A, Almidani, O, Bandyopadhyay, S, Basnyat, B, Maude, R, Dolecek, C, Lacey, BWH

“…Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. …”