Live Verification in an Interactive Proof Assistant by Gruetter, Samuel, Fukala, Viktor, Chlipala, Adam

“…We prototyped our technique in the interactive proof assistant Coq, so our framework creates machine-checked proofs that the developed functions satisfy their specifications when executed according to the formal semantics of the source language. …”
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Thermo-mechanical properties of ABS/stainless steel composite using FDM by Mogan, J., Sandanamsamy, L., Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun, Ismayuzri, Ishak, F. R. M., Romlay, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy

“…Fused deposition modelling (FDM) process is the most common and traditional additive manufacturing methods for producing complicated three-dimensional (3D) samples from computer-aided design data at a cheaper cost than alternative methods. However, when compared to other common plastic production processes, such as injection moulding, FDM produced parts results in low mechanical properties. …”
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Thermal management and biocompatibility in dry machining: An experimental study of ZrO2-based cutting tool for bone machining by Addepalli, Phanindra, Sawangsri, Worapong, Saiful Anwar, Che Ghani

“…Saline irrigation in wet machining helped in reducing temperature peaks, while dry machining had the advantages of not polluting the environment and being cheaper. Due to its low thermal conductivity and hardness, ZrO2 can be used as an effective material for metal tools in surgical operations to minimize thermal effect and increase the tool lifespan.…”
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Receding horizon control of a 3 DOF helicopter using online estimation of aerodynamic parameters by Mehndiratta, Mohit, Kayacan, Erdal

“…Thanks to the ACADO toolkit, the combined average execution time is 4 milliseconds, demonstrating the potential of the proposed framework for real-time aerospace applications using relatively cheaper processors.…”
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Performance of thermoplastic composite tubular structures by Tan, Kian Cheow

“…Polypropylene fiber has come into attention in the composite with superior performance characteristics like impact and vibration damping and being relatively cheaper and lighter than the widely used carbon and glass fabrics. …”
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Design of robot integrated restaurant by Santhosh Pandiaraj

“…This project goes on to show the benefits of integrating robots in restaurants and how the cost of integrating robots have been deemed to be much cheaper compared to human labour. On top of that, this project shows how robots tend to be much more efficient and productive in their service as they do not grow tired as the day goes by, do not need to take breaks or medical leaves like humans do. …”
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Large scale localization and mapping for deployment of robotic wheelchair in a building by Lim, Jit Ern

“…The sensor combination that created the best quality map is then changed to cheaper sensor subsets and compared among each other during localization to generate a guideline for sensor selection based on cost constraints and localization performance requirements. …”
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Synthesis of crystalline chalcogenide arsenates in surfactants via a low temperature route by Eashwer Umesh Athresh

“…The advantages of this approach is the cheaper costs of the surfactants and their vast varieties available, like acidic, basic, neutral, ionic, etc. …”
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High cycle fatigue characterisation and modelling of 316L stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion by Zhang, Meng

“…Despite the diverse fatigue and fracture properties, the models produced good prediction accuracy when checked against the test data. Moreover, the method demonstrated good generalisation capability on applying to literature data. …”
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Integrated user-interface acceptance model for e-learning system by Ramadiani, -

“…As a learning process, e-learning is aimed to achieve learning objectives, through which, the education is expected to become more accessible, cheaper, more fun, and easier to share and to learn. …”
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Influence of particle velocity when propelled using N2 or N2-He mixed gas on the properties of cold-sprayed Ti6Al4V coatings by Tan, Adrian Wei-Yee, Lek, Jun Yan, Boothroyd, Chris Brian, Sun, Wen, Bhowmik, Ayan, Marinescu, Iulian, Song, Xu, Zhai, Wei, Li, Feng, Dong, Zhili, Liu, Erjia

“…This work also showed that the N2-He gas mixture was a cost-effective propellant gas (up to 3-times cheaper than pure He) to deliver the high-quality Ti64 coatings.…”
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Wind tunnel design and fabrication for lift force investigation by Ong, Jun Wei

“…Hence, this project will focus on designing an experiment set-up that is relatively cheaper and suitable for the budget allocated. The target audience for this project will be University Students who will be making use of this designed set-up to learn more about aerodynamic forces and the factors that can affect them. …”
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Multimodal fusion for navigation of autonomous mobile robots using a deep learning method by Lee, Anthony Wen Hao

“…This is because these robots are usually cheaper than more advanced robots such as, omnidirectional-drive robots and are easier to control. …”
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Bio-modification of sand for cement grouting by Ng, Samuel Joel Rui Ming

“…From the research conducted, sea sand was found to be cost effective due to it being S$10.86/tonne cheaper than river sand and the savings generated being greater than the cost of nutrients for the MICP based method, which is S$3.28/tonne. …”
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Health professions digital education on antibiotic management : systematic review and meta-analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration by Kyaw, Bhone Myint, Tudor Car, Lorainne, van Galen, Louise Sandra, van Agtmael, Michiel A., Costelloe, Céire E., Ajuebor, Onyema, Campbell, James, Car, Josip

“…We also searched the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal and metaRegister of Controlled Trials to identify unpublished trials and checked the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews for study eligibility. …”
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Spray cooling and condensation heat transfer in a liquid cooled server system by Liu, Pengfei

“…Thermal response of the system was also studied by varying the spray nozzle flow rate, condenser fan power, condenser flow rate, and the heater power. It is found that the spray cooling performance is mainly affected by the spray nozzle flow rate. …”
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Efficient techniques for subgraph mining and query processing by Lin, Wenqing

“…The union of all such graphs is the input to the refinement step, where each candidate is checked against all partitions and only the {\em globally frequent} graphs are retained. …”
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Study on process parameter optimization for electron beam melting additive manufacturing by Wang, Chengcheng

“…This work has demonstrated that the ML method could speed up discovering the optimal process window up to 5 times faster and 10 times cheaper for SS316L. Moreover, the significance and potential industrial applications of the ML-centered tetrahedral framework are depicted in the general discussion chapter of the thesis. …”
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Development of highly efficient organic and perovskite solar cells by Li, Xianqiang

“…To reduce the PV technology price, researchers have been searching for new generations of PV technologies based on cheaper materials and low-cost manufacturing processes. …”
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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation by Lindson, N, Butler, AR, McRobbie, H, Bullen, C, Hajek, P, Wu, AD, Begh, R, Theodoulou, A, Notley, C, Rigotti, NA, Turner, T, Livingstone-Banks, J, Morris, T, Hartmann-Boyce, J

“…<p><strong> Search methods</strong></p> We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO to 1 February 2024 and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register to 1 February 2023, reference‐checked, and contacted study authors. <p><strong> Selection criteria</strong></p> We included trials randomizing people who smoke to an EC or control condition. …”