Data Refusal From Below: A Framework for Understanding, Evaluating, and Envisioning Refusal as Design by Zong, Jonathan, Matias, J Nathan

“…We characterize refusal strategies across four constituent facets common to all refusal, whatever strategies are used: autonomy, or how refusal accounts for individual and collective interests; time, or whether refusal reacts to past harm or proactively prevents future harm; power, or the extent to which refusal makes change possible; and cost, or whether or not refusal can reduce or redistribute penalties experienced by refusers. …”
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