Transient transmission of Chikungunya virus in Singapore exemplifies successful mitigation of severe epidemics in a vulnerable population by Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha, Wong, Wing-Yan, Koo, Carmen, Tien, Wei-Ping, Yeo, Gladys, Rajarethinam, Jayanthi, Tan, Eugene, Chiang, Suzanna, Chong, Chee-Seng, Tan, Cheong-Huat, Tan, Li-Kiang, Ng, Lee Ching

“…Results: Four distinct groups of CHIKV of East, Central and South African genotype have mainly circulated since 2008, transmitted primarily by Aedes albopictus. …”
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Hydrous melting driven upwelling from the mantle transition zone in the Mongolia plateau revealed by receiver function analysis by He, Jing, Xu, Mijian, Wu, Qingju, Zhang, Fengxue

“…A narrow NS-trending MTZ thickening zone extending from the Hovsgol rift to the central Hangay Dome is mainly caused by a ∼10 km depression of D660. We speculate that the mantle upwelling beneath the Hangay Dome may be related to the stagnant slab descending through the MTZ, rather than being rooted from the deep lower mantle. …”
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Bitstream-corrupted JPEG images are restorable: two-stage compensation and alignment framework for image restoration by Liu, Wenyang, Wang, Yi, Yap, Kim-Hui, Chau, Lap-Pui

“…The bit errors bring unpredictable color casts and block shifts on decoded image contents, which cannot be resolved by existing image restoration methods mainly relying on pre-defined degradation models in the pixel domain. …”
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Understanding the mechanisms of methylammonium-induced thermal instability in mixed-FAMA perovskites by Tay, Darrell Jun Jie, Febriansyah, Benny, Salim, Teddy, Kovalev, Mikhail, Sharma, Aakash, Koh, Teck Ming, Mhaisalkar, Subodh Gautam, Ager, Joel W., Mathews, Nripan

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), photoluminescence (PL) and UV-visible spectroscopy, and depth-profiling X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) are employed to show that the observed trend is mainly due to the decomposition of the MA+ cation, as opposed to other effects such as the precursor solvent and film morphologies. …”
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Characterization of freshwater sludge generated in Singapore: exploring opportunities for a circular economy by Xu, Bo, Qin, Junde, Yang, Mingqian, Yi, Yaolin

“…The primary variation among different batches of FS was the organic content (28.89%–52.3%), which mainly consisted of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. …”
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Amorphous high-entropy phosphide nanosheets with multi-atom catalytic sites for efficient oxygen evolution by Li, Xiumin, Xie, Zhengkun, Roy, Soumyabrata, Gao, Longqing, Liu, Jie, Zhao, Bing, Wei, Ran, Tang, Bijun, Wang, Hongyan, Ajayan, Pulickel, Tang, Keyong

“…The alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mainly encompasses four elementary reactions, involving intermediates such as HO*, O*, and HOO*. …”
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Determination of the archaeal and bacterial communities in two-phase and single-stage anaerobic systems by 454 pyrosequencing by Maspolim, Yogananda, Zhou, Yan, Guo, Chenghong, Xiao, Keke, Ng, Wun Jern

“…All reactors were predominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, mainly Methanolinea. Unusually, the acidogenic reactor contributed up to 24% of total methane production in the 2-phase system. …”
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Detection of damaged supports under railway track based on frequency shift by Wang, Longqi, Zhang, Yao, Lie, Seng Tjhen

“…The ballast and fasteners which provide strong support to the railway track are important as well whereas the detection of loose or missing fasteners and damaged ballast mainly relies on visual inspection. Although it is reliable when the fastener is missing and the damaged ballast is on the surface, it provides less help if the fastener is only loose and the damaged ballast is under the sleepers, which are however frequently observed in practice. …”
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Viroporin activity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural 2B protein by Ao, Da, Guo, Hui-Chen, Sun, Shi-Qi, Sun, De-Hui, Fung, To Sing, Wei, Yan-Quan, Han, Shi-Chong, Yao, Xue-Ping, Cao, Sui-Zhong, Liu, Ding Xiang, Liu, Xiang-Tao

“…The protein was found to be mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with both the N- and C-terminal domains stretched into the cytosol. …”
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Lightweight salient object detection in optical remote sensing images via feature correlation by Li, Gongyang, Liu, Zhi, Bai, Zhen, Lin, Weisi, Ling, Haibin

“…However, previous methods focus mainly on improving the detection accuracy while neglecting the cost in memory and computation, which may hinder their real-world applications. …”
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A novel eukaryotic RdRP-dependent small RNA pathway represses antiviral immunity by controlling an ERK pathway component in the black-legged tick by Feng, Canran, Torimaru, Kyosuke, Lim, Mandy Yu Theng, Chak, Li-Ling, Shiimori, Masami, Tsuji, Kosuke, Tanaka, Tetsuya, Iida, Junko, Okamura, Katsutomo

“…RdRP1-dependent sRNAs possess 5'-monophosphates and are mainly derived from RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes and repetitive elements. …”
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Full-spectrum out-of-distribution detection by Yang, Jingkang, Zhou, Kaiyang, Liu, Ziwei

“…To address the F-OOD detection problem, we propose SEM, a simple feature-based semantics score function. SEM is mainly composed of two probability measures: one is based on high-level features containing both semantic and non-semantic information, while the other is based on low-level feature statistics only capturing non-semantic image styles. …”
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Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 μ m–3.5 μ m spectral region by Ma, Jie, Qin, Zhipeng, Xie, Guoqiang, Qian, Liejia, Tang, Dingyuan

“…In this review, starting with the introduction of mid-IR mode-locking techniques, we mainly summarize and review the recent progress of mid-IR mode-locked laser sources, including Tm3+-, Ho3+-, and Tm3+/Ho3+-doped all-solid-state and fiber lasers for the 2.0 μm spectral region, Cr2+:ZnSe and Cr2+:ZnS lasers for the 2.4 μm region, and Er3+-, Ho3+/Pr3+-, and Dy3+-doped fluoride fiber lasers for the 2.8 μm–3.5 μm region. …”
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Rice response to spermine foliar application and its association with aerial imagery monitoring under water stress conditions by Abd. Jalil, Nur Zahirah, Berahim, Zulkarami, Zakaria, Nurul-Idayu, Omar, Mohamad Husni, Rosle, Rhushalshafira, Ismail, Mohd Razi, Cheya, Nik Norasma, Latiff, Anas Abdul, Fazlil Ilahi, Wan Fazilah, Gandjaeva, Lola

“…Rice is the most consumed food in the world, mainly in Asia and Africa. Malaysia is the second-largest rice importer in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. …”
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Stakeholder views on the uptake of sustainable and responsible nickel mining and processing supply chains for electric vehicles in Indonesia by Malik, Rameen Hayat

“…The findings highlight the significant influence of international investment, mainly Chinese investment in shaping Indonesia’s nickel processing capabilities, while also noting the ethical dilemmas and environmental hazards posed by the industry’s expansion. …”
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The future of the timeshare industry : will the brands dominate? : A summary of the vacation ownership industry and an analysis of the advantages that the brands have over smaller... by Bornstein, Ethan S., 1973-

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Understanding the effect of chlorobenzene and isopropanol anti-solvent treatments on the recombination and interfacial charge accumulation in efficient planar perovskite solar cell... by Prochowicz, Daniel, Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli, Solanki, Ankur, Goh, Teck Wee, Pandey, Kavita, Sum, Tze Chien, Saliba, Michael, Yadav, Pankaj

“…We found that this enhanced hysteresis stems mainly from higher charge accumulation at the TiO2/perovskite interface under illumination that could also lead to formation of excess electrostatic potential contributing to an increased open circuit voltage (Voc). …”
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Spatter transport by inert gas flow in selective laser melting : a simulation study by Ahmad Bin Anwar, Ibrahim, Imran Halimi, Pham, Quang-Cuong

“…It was also shown that the trajectories of the spatter particles were governed mainly by their initial momentum when the inert gas flow velocity was increased. …”
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Non-uniform heat transfer suppression to enhance PCM melting by angled fins by Ji, Chenzhen, Qin, Zhen, Low, Zhenghua, Dubey, Swapnil, Choo, Fook Hoong, Duan, Fei

“…Besides, the enhancement ratio reveals that the melting enhancement by the fins mainly appears at the second half of the entire process, based on the PCM solid-liquid interface formed at the first half.…”
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Freezing of impact water droplets on cold moving substrates by Mohamad Taufiq Md Tarmidi

“…Droplet impingement has widely been the topic of interest for researchers worldwide mainly because of its vast applications in today’s world including spray cooling and anti-icing. …”
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