Beach-face morphodynamics of different morphological setting along Teluk Chempedak to Kuala Pahang, Malaysia by Mustapa, Mohd Zaini, Saad, Shahbudin, Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Salihi, Yunus, Kamaruzzaman

“…Based on the results obtained, which include the granulometric analysis and beach surface topography, three main beach classes have been differentiated: reflective, intermediate and dissipative beaches. …”
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The Sharī’ah position on human embryonic research by Zawawi, Majdah, Alias, Siti Aliza, Hussin, Nasimah

“…Hence, there is a crucial need to know whether scientists should be allowed to conduct research using human embryos particularly from an ethical point of view. To that end, the main aim of this article is to look into the sources of the Sharīah to determine the status of the embryo, in order to further analyze whether according to the Sharīah it is right to conduct research using human embryos. …”
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Forecasting of monthly temperature variations using random forests by Nyein Naing, Wai Yan, Htike@Muhammad Yusof, Zaw Zaw

“…The model operates on patterns of the time series seasonal cycles which simplifies the forecasting problem especially when a time series exhibits nonstationarity, heteroscedasticity, trend and multiple seasonal cycles. The main advantages of the model are its ability to generalization, built-in cross-validation and low sensitivity to parameter values. …”
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QOS downlink schedulers in LTE towards 5G network by Al-Sakkaf, Ahmed Gaafar, Abdullah, Khaizuran, Khan, Sheroz

“…However, LTE packet scheduling and distributing resources among users is still the main challenge due to unfairness and low performance which occur when allocating resources to users. …”
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Portable anti forgery recognition for attendance system using fingerprint based biometric by Zainal, Nur Izzati, Sidek, Khairul Azami, Gunawan, Teddy Surya

“…Portability and security are the main purpose of applying biometric characteristics in a portable attendance system. …”
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Criteria of Sharī‘ah supervisory committee: a comparative study between guidelines of Bangladesh Bank and Bank Negara Malaysia by Amanullah, Muhammad

“…Likewise, Bank Negara Malaysia has provided some guidelines. The main objectives of this research paper are to highlight the guidelines of these two banks on these criteria, compare them and evaluate them in light of Sharī‘ah guidelines on these criteria spelled out by contemporary Muslim jurists. …”
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On mixing of Markov measures associated with b−bistochastic QSOs by Mukhamedov, Farrukh, Embong, Ahmad Fadillah

“…In short, such operators are called b−bistochastic QSO. The main objectives in this paper are to show the construction of non-homogeneous Markov measures associated with QSO and to show the defined measures associated with the classes of b−bistochastic QSOs meet the mixing property.…”
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Assessing passengers’ satisfaction level on bus services in selected urban and rural centres of Peninsular Malaysia by Mohamed Osman, Mariana, Ponrahono, Zakiah, Bachok, Syahriah, Ibrahim, Mansor

“…For eastern-coast states, Pahang is selected while Perak is to represent a still developing state, which is yet to reach the advanced level of large conurbations. The main objectives are to evaluate the bus service quality through passengers’ satisfaction survey. …”
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Multiple object recognition by Alamin, Sabri Mohammed, Khalifa, Othman Omran

“…The existing method in this domain first tries to detect the interest object in video frames. One of the main difficulties in object tracking among many others is to choose suitable features and models for recognizing and tracking the interested object from a video…”
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Center for Zakat Management (CZM) and its role in poverty eradication in Bangladesh by Osmani, Noor Mohammad, Al-Masud, Abdullah

“…CZM provides zakat to the needy people in order to improve their living standard through income generating activities. The main objective of this paper is to examine the activities of CZM and its role in upgrading the living standard of needy people. …”
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Let's bind a friendly co-existence with nature by Abdul Razak, Mohd. Abbas

“…Pollution on land, in sea, forest, mountains, in space, global warming, melting of the ice at the poles, war, and many more pose a threat to human, wild and marine lives. The main culprit in causing the pollution and environmental degradation is none other than man himself. …”
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Generative power and closure properties of Watson-Crick grammars by Mohamad Zulkufli, Nurul Liyana, Turaev, Sherzod, Mohd Tamrin, Mohd Izzuddin, Messikh Azeddine, Azeddine

“…We also establish that the Watson-Crick regular grammars are closed under almost all of the main closure operations.…”
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Determination of critical point of p02 L]level in the production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus rhamnosus by Mel, Maizirwan, Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail, Mohamed Salleh, Mohamad Ramlan, Abdullah, Rohane

“…The fermentation process was successfully carried out in laboratory scale fermenteribioreactor using different p02 level (the main parameter that significantly affects the growth of L. rhamnosus and lactic acid production) together with two other parameters; the agitation rate and pH. …”
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Low phase noise performance of VCO using MEMS by Al-Khateeb, Khalid A. Saeed, Mohd Subki, M. Mu’adz

“…It is relatively less complicated, which facilitates the practical integration of the LC components. The main components in the configuration are the MEMS variable capacitor and monolithic 3-D coil inductor. …”
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Development of International Islamic University Malaysia-Micro Aerial Vehicle (IIUM-MAV) by Omar, Ashraf Ali, Cheong, Zi Jian

“…The total weight of MAV6 is 197 grams, while MAV7 is 157 grams. The foam was the main material used to construct the IIUM-MAV. The electric micro R/C engine with maximum weight of 19 grams and maximum power output of 80 W was used. …”
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The standard of care for alternative medicine practitioners: legal problems and challenges by Jahn Kassim, Puteri Nemie

“…Although some laws may have an indirect effect on these practices but they are not adequate to ensure comprehensive protection to relevant parties. The main problem is defining the appropriate standard of care for these practices in order to be at par with the standard of care of conventional medicine practitioners. …”
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Quality services for students in learning through information technology by Adam, Zalika, Che Ibrahim, Khairani

“…Hence, quality services in IT are needed most in the globalization era. The main objective of this study to show beneficial services through IT that prepared for IIUM students during their study. …”
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Crab and cockle shells as heterogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel by Maniam, Gaanty Pragas, Boey, Peng-Lim, Abd Hamid, Shafida

“…Characterization results revealed that the main component of the shells are calcium carbonate which transformed into calcium oxide upon activated above 700 °C for 2 h. …”
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Zakat, school enrolment, and economic growth in Malaysia: a panel data analysis by Yusoff, Mohammed

“…The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of zakat spending and school enrollment on economic growth using panel data represented by the fourteen states of Malaysia. …”
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Reducing variability, increasing reliability: exploring the psychology of intra- and inter-rater reliability by Aslett, Helen J.

“…However, the reliability of the assessment process should never be assumed. There are two main forms of reliability: intra- and inter- rater reliability. …”
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