The Pandemic EVIDENCE Collaboration Pillar 1: diagnostics and transmission by Conly, J, Plüddemann, A, Jefferson, T, Rosca, C, Heneghan, C

“…The transmission dynamics to allow for a replication-competent virus to move from a reservoir to a susceptible host and establish an invasive infection is complex and it is likely multiple modes of transmission exist from direct reservoir-to-host (contact, droplet deposition, transplacental) and indirect reservoir-to-intermediary-to- host (vehicle-borne, foodborne, waterborne, and airborne) routes. …”

Associations of treatment with hypnotics with suicide and attempted suicide: A nationwide cohort study by Høier, NK, Madsen, T, Spira, AP, Hawton, K, Jennum, P, Nordentoft, M, Erlangsen, A

“…</p> <p><strong>Conclusions::</strong> While confounding by indication is likely to be a major contributor, the fact that individuals in treatment with BZD or n-BZDs had higher rates of suicide and suicide attempts when compared to those not in treatment emphasizes the need to carefully monitor their mental state.…”

Multisensory processing in the ferret auditory cortex by Hammond-Kenny, A

“…For example, animals were more likely to correctly localise stimuli when activity increased in the contralateral cortex and decreased in the ipsilateral cortex. …”

Multidecadal Morphodynamic evolution of shorelines and coral reefs along the Arabian Sea Coast of Oman: Bar Al Hikman Peninsula by Teillet, T, Bois, P, Homewood, P, Mettraux, M, Samimi-Namin, K, Vahrenkamp, V

“…At this pace, the ongoing reef decline is likely to exacerbate shoreline erosion, accelerate the landward migration of barrier bars and in turn close off lagoonal areas, and threaten intertidal ecosystems. …”

Online arts and culture for mental health in young people: a qualitative interview study by Syed Sheriff, R, Bergin, L, Bonsaver, L, Riga, E, O'Dell, B, Adams, H, Glogowska, M

“…Participants described that human connection was the feature of OAC most likely to benefit mental health and emphasised the importance of representation. …”

Estimating global demand for land-based transportation services using the shared socioeconomic pathways scenario framework by Nkiriki, J, Jaramillo, P, Williams, N, Davis, A, Armanios, DE

“…Meanwhile, the results suggest that low-income countries in the sub-Saharan African region are likely to experience the largest growth in demand for passenger and freight transport services. …”

Use of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: audit of the NHS experience by Kinsella, JA, Irani, SR, Hollingsworth, R, O’Shaughnessy, D, Kane, P, Foster, M, Schott, JM, Lunn, MP

“…</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> A total of 625 patients who were 18 years of age or older were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune encephalitis, of whom 398 were determined as having 'highly likely' or 'definite' autoimmune/limbic encephalitis. …”

Effectiveness of supervised versus self-directed rehabilitation for adults aged 50 years and over with ankle fractures: protocol for the AFTER trial by Keene, DJ, Achten, J, Forde, C, Png, ME, Grant, R, Draper, K, Appelbe, D, Tutton, E, Peckham, N, Dutton, SJ, Lamb, SE, Costa, ML

“…To aid recovery, some patients are referred to physiotherapy, but referral patterns vary, likely due to uncertainty about the effectiveness of this supervised rehabilitation approach. …”

A dormant overmassive black hole in the early Universe by Juodžbalis, I, Maiolino, R, Baker, WM, Tacchella, S, Scholtz, J, D’Eugenio, F, Witstok, J, Schneider, R, Trinca, A, Valiante, R, DeCoursey, C, Curti, M, Carniani, S, Chevallard, J, de Graaff, A, Arribas, S, Bennett, JS, Bourne, MA, Bunker, AJ, Charlot, S, Jiang, B, Koudmani, S, Perna, M, Robertson, B

“…The black hole to host galaxy stellar mass ratio is about 0.4—that is, about 1,000 times above the local relation—whereas the system is closer to the local relations in terms of dynamical mass and velocity dispersion of the host galaxy. This object is most likely an indication of a much larger population of dormant black holes around the epoch of reionization. …”

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a supertyphoon: A quantitative study in Cebu, Philippines by Ylade, M, Adhikari, B, Crisostomo, MV, Daag, JV, Cuachin, AM, Lopez, MH, Macasero, A, Agrupis, KA, Deen, J

“…Households who were financially impacted by Supertyphoon Odette were more likely not have recently migrated to their current residence (p<0.001), and to have lower monthly expenditure (p = 0.020). …”

Geometric latent dirichlet allocation on a matching graph for large-scale image datasets by Philbin, J, Sivic, J, Zisserman, A

“…Applying standard inference techniques to this model enables images likely to contain the same object to be probabilistically grouped and ranked.…”

The emergence of DNAM-1 as the facilitator of NK cell-mediated killing in ovarian cancer by Pounds, R, Croft, W, Pearce, H, Hossain, T, Singh, K, Balega, J, Jeevan, DN, Sundar, S, Kehoe, S, Yap, J, Moss, P, Zuo, J

“…Discussion: These findings reveal profound modulation of the tumour tissue and systemic profile of NK cells which likely contributes to the high rates of local progression and metastasis seen with OC. …”

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms by Citarella, BW, Kartsonaki, C, Ibáñez-Prada, ED, Gonçalves, BP, Baruch, J, Escher, M, Pritchard, MG, Wei, J, Philippy, F, Dagens, A, Hall, M, Lee, J, Kutsogiannis, DJ, Wils, E-J, Fernandes, MA, Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, BK, Panda, PK, Martin-Loeches, I, Ohshimo, S, Fatoni, AZ, Horby, P, Dunning, J, Rello, J, Merson, L, Rojek, A, Vaillant, M, Olliaro, P, Reyes, LF, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group

“…NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). …”

GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis model for utility water demand: the case of Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County, Kenya by Wanguba, B, Siriba, DN, Okumu, BO

“…Consequently, the addition of more input variables affecting demand is likely to improve the results over changing aspects within the zones. …”

Evaluating geospatial accuracy for equity analyses: a case study of the U.S. National Bridge Inventory by Gandy, CA, Kang, X, Ritsch, N, Armanios, DE

“…To use more automated processes at these high spatial resolutions, governments and other policy-making entities will likely need to require quality control checks of longitude and latitude infrastructure data. …”

Investigating heterogeneity across autism, ADHD, and typical development using measures of cortical thickness, surface area, cortical/subcortical volume, and structural covariance by Sadat-Nejad, Y, Vandewouw, MM, Cardy, R, Lerch, J, Taylor, MJ, Iaboni, A, Hammill, C, Syed, B, Brian, JA, Kelley, E, Ayub, M, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Georgiades, S, Nicolson, R, Anagnostou, E, Kushki, A

“…Discussion: These clusters did not align with existing diagnostic labels, suggesting that brain structure is more likely to be associated with differences in adaptive functioning, IQ, and ADHD features.…”

Delay-and-pay: prolonging pharmaceutical patent protection without paying the ‘price’ by Foss-Solbrekk, K

“…My doctrinal analysis establishes that the generic/biosimilar defendants’ loss is likely undercompensated and the money that national health authorities spent purchasing the more expensive, patented drug whilst the interim injunction remained in effect is not usually compensated following a patent revocation and discharged injunction. …”

Territorial movements of African lions: can waterholes shape multiple central-place territories in a savanna ecosystem? by Dejeante, R, Loveridge, A, Macdonald, D, Madlamoto, D, Chamaille-James, S, Valeix, M

“…We hypothesized that male lions would be more likely to patrol a buffer area around the territory core to defend a core area where social interactions with groupmates occur, whereas female lions would more specifically patrol hunting sites, i.e. waterhole areas. …”

Investigating the role of lysine demethylase UTX-1 in lifespan regulation of C. elegans by Guillermo, A

“…Overall, the work in this thesis, which also includes analysis of <em>cbp-1</em> (H3K27 acetyl transferase), suggests that lifespan regulation due to H3K27 modification is incredibly complex and that longevity is mediated differentially as a consequence of different doses of modifier, and in specific tissues, likely due to transcriptional changes mediated by the demethylase function of UTX-1.…”

On the hidden layer-to-layer topology of the representations of reality realised within neural networks by Gafvert, O, Grindrod, P, Harrington, HA, Higham, CF, Higham, DJ, Yim, KM

“…</p> <p><strong>Findings: </strong>We discuss some of the likely consequences of these relatively unforeseen characteristics and, in particular, the possible vulnerability of such algorithms to non-realistic perturbations. …”