Subject realisation in Greek preschool learners of English by Faitaki, F, Murphy, VA

“…Both groups produced significantly more null and fewer overt subjects in English than an English monolingual control group, but the same number of null and overt subjects in Greek as a Greek monolingual control group. This finding suggests that the preschoolers, who start learning English at 3;0, experience crosslinguistic transfer from Greek, their dominant language, to English – thus highlighting the role that dominance plays in determining the direction of crosslinguistic transfer among successive bilingual children.…”

E-commerce regulation and trader compliance: a comparative and empirical inquiry by Pflücke, F

“…The ambition of the thesis is to define and measure the levels of compliance and to test four hypotheses: (H1) traders do not comply in full with their legal obligations; (H2) large traders are more likely to be compliant compared to SMEs; (H3) traders that are older are more likely to be compliant compared to companies that were incorporated more recently; (H4) traders that base their terms and conditions on pre-drafted standard contract terms are more likely to be in compliance with the selected legal obligations. Based upon the findings, the thesis offers targeted and actionable policy recommendations, in an attempt to promote an evidence based approach to regulating consumer contracts.…”

RE teachers’ ways of balancing children’s existential concerns and the curriculum: mirrored through established RE approaches by Osbeck, C, Lilja, A, Fancourt, N

“…In the analysis of the interview transcripts of the eleven middle-school teachers focussing on what the teachers express as important goals for RE, the findings were placed on a continuum between a focus on the child’s experiences and on the curriculum. …”

Natural variations in grain length 10 (GL10) regulate rice grain size by Zhan, P, Ma, S, Xiao, Z, Li, F, Wei, X, Lin, S, Wang, X, Ji, Z, Fu, Y, Pan, J, Zhou, M, Liu, Y, Chang, Z, Li, L, Bu, S, Liu, Z, Zhu, H, Liu, G, Zhang, G, Wang, S

“…Analysis of GL10 haplotypes shows obvious divergence between the japonica and indica lineages. Our findings reveal an allelic variation of GL10 that may explain differences in grain length among modern cultivars and could be used to breed rice varieties with optimized grain shape.…”

Temperatures, conflict and forced migration in West Asia and North Africa by Abdel Ghany, J

“…This study examines whether extreme temperatures influence bilateral forced migration between countries within West Asia and North Africa through their potential to increase armed conflict. The findings suggest that extreme temperatures in two consecutive years, defined as the upper 10% of the country-specific annual mean temperature distribution, cumulatively increase the probability of armed conflict by 42.5% in the following year ( p = 0.07). …”

Antigen–antibody complex density and antibody-induced HLA protein unfolding influence Fc-mediated antibody effector function by Murali, TM, Gu, Y, Minhat, RA, Yap, J, Wood, KJ, Wang, C, Gascoigne, NRJ, Anantharaman, V, MacAry, PA

“…In this study, we employ hydrogen–deuterium exchange–mass spectrometry (HDX–MS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and advanced biochemical and biophysical methodologies to thoroughly characterize a panel of human monoclonal alloantibodies and define the influence of Fc-region biology, antibody binding kinetics, target antigen density, and structural characteristics on their ability to potentiate the forms of immune effector mechanisms that are strongly implicated in transplant rejection. Our findings have significant implications for our understanding of the key biological determinants that underlie the pathogenicity or lack thereof of human alloantibodies.…”

Long-term mindfulness meditation increases occurrence of sensory and attention brain states by Panitz, DY, Mendelsohn, A, Cabral, J, Berkovich-Ohana, A

“…Conversely, a brain state involving frontal areas associated with higher cognitive functions was detected less frequently in experienced meditators. These findings suggest that, by shifting attention toward enhanced sensory and embodied processing, MM effectively modulates the expression of functional network states at rest. …”

Information gathering: dissociable effects of autistic and alexithymic traits in youths aged 6–25 years by Lee, KS, Long, EL, Catmur, C, Hauser, TU, Bird, G

“…Future validation in youths diagnosed with autism is warranted to test the generalizability of the findings.…”

Energy transfer in the spatial evolution of double-wave-group focusing by Zhou, B, Ding, K, Xiao, Y, Wang, L, Tang, T

“…Fluids <strong>35</strong>(3), 037118 (2023)], the energy transfer in the spatial evolution of double-wave-group focusing is highlighted based on a fully nonlinear numerical wave tank with the high-order spectral method. The findings reveal that a sea state with a narrower intermodal distance or an uneven distribution of the bimodal spectrum tends to induce larger waves. …”

"Workhorses": exploring how internal medicine residents learn efficiency by Ting, J

“…Data were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.</p> <p><strong>Findings:</strong> Nine residents participated. Efficiency was a multifaceted skill involving a combination of clinical knowledge, mental organization, social skills, and an unwavering focus on maximizing patient safety and care. …”

Unpacking the politics of Nature-based Solutions governance: making space for transformative change by Hafferty, C, Tomude, E, Hirons, M, Wagner, A, McDermott, C

“…Drawing from interviews and a survey with NbS practitioners and policy makers in the UK, we critically unpack the interplay between techno-scientific and market-oriented approaches, risk and uncertainty, and participatory governance processes in shaping transformative NbS. Our findings demonstrate that, despite numerous efforts to rethink and reframe NbS, there remains a need to make space for different conceptualisations, practices, and alternative approaches to transformation. …”

Secret collusion among AI agents: multi-agent deception via steganography by Motwani, SR, Baranchuk, M, Strohmeier, M, Bolina, V, Torr, PHS, Hammond, L, Schroeder de Witt, C

“…We propose a formal threat model for AI agents communicating steganographically and derive rigorous theoretical insights about the capacity and incentives of large language models (LLMs) to perform secret collusion, in addition to the limitations of threat mitigation measures. We complement our findings with empirical evaluations demonstrating rising steganographic capabilities in frontier single and multi-agent LLM setups and examining potential scenarios where collusion may emerge, revealing limitations in countermeasures such as monitoring, paraphrasing, and parameter optimization. …”

A paradox of school social organization: positive school climate, friendship network density, and adolescent violence by Pinchak, NP

“…Strikingly, however, there is evidence that a more positive school climate is associated with increases in violence among youth attending schools with a high density of friendship ties. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce violence by fostering cohesion among youth in their schools and other social contexts can be undermined by youth network processes.…”

A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe by Baker, WM, Tacchella, S, Johnson, BD, Nelson, E, Suess, KA, D’Eugenio, F, Curti, M, de Graaff, A, Ji, Z, Maiolino, R, Robertson, B, Scholtz, J, Alberts, S, Arribas, S, Boyett, K, Bunker, AJ, Carniani, S, Charlot, S, Chen, Z, Chevallard, J, Curtis-Lake, E, Danhaive, AL, DeCoursey, C, Egami, E

“…The physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically mature galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343−27.79097, which existed within the first 700 million years of the Universe’s history. …”

Normative and informational confidence matching by Friedemann, M, Bang, D, Yeung, N

“…Conversely, in a scenario in which feedback was readily available and a joint decision-making rule was enforced, participants aligned their confidence reports with their partner’s but did not adjust their information seeking behaviour, hinting at normative factors influencing the public display of confidence matching. These findings highlight the flexibility and contextsensitivity of confidence, thereby underscoring the importance of factoring in social contexts and the adaptive nature of confidence when studying metacognitive processes.…”

Anchoring charge selective self-assembled monolayers for tin-lead perovskite solar cells by Zhang, Z, Zhu, R, Tang, Y, Su, Z, Hu, S, Zhang, X, Zhang, J, Zhao, J, Xue, Y, Gao, X, Li, G, Pascual, J, Abate, A, Li, M

“…Overall, this work highlights the underexplored potential of SAMs for perovskite photovoltaics and provides essential findings on the influence of their structural modification.…”

Selection against domestication alleles in introduced rabbit populations by Andrade, P, Alves, JM, Pereira, P, Rubin, C-J, Silva, E, Sprehn, CG, Enbody, E, Afonso, S, Faria, R, Zhang, Y, Bonino, N, Duckworth, JA, Garreau, H, Letnic, M, Strive, T, Thulin, C-G, Queney, G, Villafuerte, R, Jiggins, FM, Ferrand, N, Andersson, L, Carneiro, M

“…This limited parallelism is probably explained by extensive standing genetic variation resulting from domestication together with the complex mixed ancestry of introduced populations. Our findings shed light on the selective and molecular mechanisms that enable domestic animals to re-adapt to the wild and provide important insights for the mitigation and management of invasive populations.…”

International differences in conservation priorities are more complicated than Global North-Global South divisions by Mutinhima, Y, Sibanda, L, Rono, B, Kulunge, S, Kimaili, D, Dickman, A, Madsen, E, Mandoloma, L, Tacey, J, Allred, S, Hare, D

“…Moreover, variation among local publics (i.e., living in high biodiversity areas of rural sub-Saharan Africa) was greater than among distant publics. Our findings illuminate how ideological divisions may complicate international biodiversity conservation, especially around controversial topics such as culling, hunting, and protected areas management. …”

Building the city of God: imperial patronage and local influence in Jerusalem from Theodosius I to Justinian (379-565 ad) by Klein, K

“…This manifested itself not only in imperial building projects, but also in the exchange of theological concepts and ideas. One of my key findings about this traffic is that the cult of saints was introduced to Jerusalem from Constantinople, while, in contrast, the veneration of the Virgin Mary originated in the holy city and reached the capital from there. …”

Transforming CCTV cameras into NO 2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking by Ibrahim, MR, Lyons, T

“…For instance, if trucks only drive at night, their effects on NO2 levels are most likely to be seen in the morning when people commute. These findings cast doubt on the efficacy of some of the urban policies currently being implemented to reduce pollution. …”