Engine and auxiliary systems

“…This should enhance the utility of the book for any person engaged in the pursuit of knowledge of internal combustion engines, particularly the practicing engineers and researchers in the field. The editor would like to extend heartfelt gratitude to all the authors who have contributed chapters for the book. …”
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Cultural and religious festivals: the Malaysian experience by Ishak, Mohd. Shuhaimi

“…The Chinese in Malaysia celebrate festivals like Chinese New Year and Chap Goh Mei where cultural celebrations such as the lion dances and Chingay procession take place. …”
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A case study - establishing redundant access networks in the telecommunication sector of a developing country by Rahman, Mohammad Ziaur, Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan

“…This work may also be useful for working on similar cases in other developing countries like Bangladesh.…”
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Harmonisation of prescribed punishment (Hadd) in Islamic Law and under the Malaysian penal law: a mere fantasy or a reality? by Mohamad Yunus, Mohamad Ismail, Mohamad Hanifa, Shamshina

“…This article aims at looking into the nature of hadd in the first place, reviewing the present Hudud Bills and trace the loopholes in them, and finally suggest some recommendations to solve the problem of implementing hudud law in a multiracial society like Malaysia. …”
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Constituent physical ingredients of rape: a proposal for law reform by Mohamad Yunus, Mohamad Ismail

“…Consequently, in analysing a serious crime like rape, both ingredients must be seriously considered. …”
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Emergency preparedness: supporting continuity of teaching and learning in nursing education (a mini review) by Aung, Khin Thandar

“…Natural disasters, human disasters like global pandemic diseases, natural disasters, man-made tragedies, war conflicts, and social crises have disrupted the education of 75 million students globally. …”
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Recent advances on metal nitride materials as emerging electrochemical sensors: A mini review by Shafiee, Saiful 'Arifin, Perry, Samuel, Hamzah, Hairul Hisham, Mahat, Mohd Muzamir, Al-Lolage, Firas A., Ramli, Muhammad Zahir

“…This mini review will benefit researchers who would like to delve into the potential of metal nitride electrodes as electrochemical sensors…”
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In search of a model to explain digital divide in information technology organizations by Mohamed, Norshidah, Hussein, Ramlah, Ahlan, Abdul Rahman

“…Our ultimate aim is to develop a model to explain digital divide in organizations in particular, information technology organizations in a developing country like Malaysia. This article reports an in-progress research that reviews past theoretical frameworks and proposes a conceptual framework.…”
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Troubled tales: short stories about the Irish in 1970s London by Murray, Tony

“…A number of ‘Troubles thrillers’ set in London, like their parent genre, have tended to sensationalize and stereotype the role of the IRA in the city.1 They have also tended to obscure the effects of the conflict on the Irish community there. …”
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'It hurts my heart': Afghan women in London negotiating family relationships and (im)mobility regimes across borders by Ryan, Louise, López, María E., Rasa, Mursal

“…We consider the role of ICTs and the limitations of poor connectivity, especially in countries like Afghanistan, and the gender power dynamics that may limit women's access to technologies.…”
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Investigating fine-tuning of large language models for text summarisation by Khaliq, Usama, Patel, Preeti

“…The limited performance increase from the fine-tuned models was likely due to small datasets and medium-sized LLMs. …”
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Development of IoT-based heatstroke early symptoms monitoring system for students in Malaysia by A Rahim, Nabilah, Othman, Nurmiza

“…As climate change intensifies, the risk of heat-related illnesses becomes a growing concern, especially for vulnerable populations like young adults. This system aims to proactively address this issue by providing real-time monitoring of early symptoms associated with heatstroke. …”
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Photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater by Hamdan, Mohamad Alif Hakimi, Hairom, Nur Hanis Hayati, Ahmad, Mohd Khairul, Madon, Rais Hanizam, Abu Bakar Sidik, Dilaeleyana, Dzinun, Hazlini

“…Dye wastewater is the major environmental issue of the textile and printing industries besides other minor issues like solid waste, health and safety. The use of synthetic chemical dyes in various manufacturing industrial process has increased considerably over the past decades, resulting in the release of dye-containing industrial effluents into aquatic ecosystem and soil [1]. …”
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Development of coated peanut separator and frying skillet machine by Yusof, M Sallehuddin, Fadilullah, M Zul Nadzmi, Hassan, Suhaimi, Maksud, M Idris, Yunos, Muhamad Zaini

“…The groundnut is sticking and become like a ping pong size ball and the time consuming to fry is longer. …”
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On the exploration and exploitation in popular swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms by Hussain, Kashif, Mohd Salleh, Mohd Najib, Cheng, Shi, Shi, Yuhui

“…Among such algorithms are swarm-based methods like particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization which are increasingly attracting new researchers. …”
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Gender, ethnic and age diversity and performance of large Malaysian firms (Kepelbagaian jantina, kumpulan etnik, dan umur dalam lembaga pengarah firma besar di Malaysia dan prestas... by Abdullah , Shamsul Nahar

“…Ethnic diversity, on the other hand, is found to be positively associated with ROA. Hence, findings on the effect of board diversity and firm performance are mixed. …”
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Reactive oxygen species and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in Hodgkin lymphoma cells by Ikeda, Jun-ichiro, Mamat, Suhana, Tian, Tian, Wang, Yi, Luo, Wenjuan, Rahadiani, Nur, Aozasa, Katsuyuki, Morii, Eiichi

“…The number of cells in a quiescent state was significantly greater in ROS-low than in ROS-high cells, whereas that of ALDH-high and ALDH-low cells was comparable to each other. These findings show that ALDH-high and ROS-low cells share CIC-like potential, but they differ in their cell cycle status, suggesting that CICs are comprised of cells with heterogeneous characteristics.…”
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Attitudinal factors affecting the adoption of internet banking services among small and medium enterprises in Yemen by Al-Fahim, Nabil Hussein, Wan Jusoh, Wan Jamaliah, Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi

“…In spite of the wide adoption of Internet banking service in developed countries, its application is still low in developing countries like Yemen. The purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the main factors which influence the adoption of Internet banking services by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) managers or owners in Yemen. …”
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Vero cell culture on magnesium doped biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds by Abd Rahim, Toibah, Sopyan, Iis, Mel , Maizirwan

“…The bioactivity test on the performance of porous microcarriers of pure biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and Mg-doped BCP was conducted in spinner vessel with Vero cell lines for 90 hours. The findings revealed that all the porous microcarriers were biocompatible as the cells already attached on the microcarrier after 24 hours of culture. …”
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Hate speech under International and National Laws: a comparative analysis from Islamic Law perspective by Islam, Md. Zahidul, Norullah, Md.

“…Basically, secondary resources are used in this paper, thus information has been taken from articles, book, newspapers, case laws and status. This study finds that the freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right which must be achieved through certain essential objectives like disclosure of truth and the honour of human beings.…”
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