Characterization of freshwater sludge generated in Singapore: exploring opportunities for a circular economy by Xu, Bo, Qin, Junde, Yang, Mingqian, Yi, Yaolin

“…The primary variation among different batches of FS was the organic content (28.89%–52.3%), which mainly consisted of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. …”
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Determination of the archaeal and bacterial communities in two-phase and single-stage anaerobic systems by 454 pyrosequencing by Maspolim, Yogananda, Zhou, Yan, Guo, Chenghong, Xiao, Keke, Ng, Wun Jern

“…All reactors were predominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, mainly Methanolinea. Unusually, the acidogenic reactor contributed up to 24% of total methane production in the 2-phase system. …”
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Detection of damaged supports under railway track based on frequency shift by Wang, Longqi, Zhang, Yao, Lie, Seng Tjhen

“…The ballast and fasteners which provide strong support to the railway track are important as well whereas the detection of loose or missing fasteners and damaged ballast mainly relies on visual inspection. Although it is reliable when the fastener is missing and the damaged ballast is on the surface, it provides less help if the fastener is only loose and the damaged ballast is under the sleepers, which are however frequently observed in practice. …”
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DropLab: an automated magnetic digital microfluidic platform for sample-to-answer point-of-care testing-development and application to quantitative immunodiagnostics by Hu, Xuyang, Gao, Xiangyu, Chen, Songlin, Guo, Jinhong, Zhang, Yi

“…However, existing POCT immunodiagnostics mainly rely on the lateral flow assay (LFA), which has limited sensitivity or quantification capability. …”
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A novel eukaryotic RdRP-dependent small RNA pathway represses antiviral immunity by controlling an ERK pathway component in the black-legged tick by Feng, Canran, Torimaru, Kyosuke, Lim, Mandy Yu Theng, Chak, Li-Ling, Shiimori, Masami, Tsuji, Kosuke, Tanaka, Tetsuya, Iida, Junko, Okamura, Katsutomo

“…RdRP1-dependent sRNAs possess 5'-monophosphates and are mainly derived from RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes and repetitive elements. …”
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Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 μ m–3.5 μ m spectral region by Ma, Jie, Qin, Zhipeng, Xie, Guoqiang, Qian, Liejia, Tang, Dingyuan

“…In this review, starting with the introduction of mid-IR mode-locking techniques, we mainly summarize and review the recent progress of mid-IR mode-locked laser sources, including Tm3+-, Ho3+-, and Tm3+/Ho3+-doped all-solid-state and fiber lasers for the 2.0 μm spectral region, Cr2+:ZnSe and Cr2+:ZnS lasers for the 2.4 μm region, and Er3+-, Ho3+/Pr3+-, and Dy3+-doped fluoride fiber lasers for the 2.8 μm–3.5 μm region. …”
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Rice response to spermine foliar application and its association with aerial imagery monitoring under water stress conditions by Abd. Jalil, Nur Zahirah, Berahim, Zulkarami, Zakaria, Nurul-Idayu, Omar, Mohamad Husni, Rosle, Rhushalshafira, Ismail, Mohd Razi, Cheya, Nik Norasma, Latiff, Anas Abdul, Fazlil Ilahi, Wan Fazilah, Gandjaeva, Lola

“…Rice is the most consumed food in the world, mainly in Asia and Africa. Malaysia is the second-largest rice importer in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. …”
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Camel Milk and Oxidative stress: Therapeutic potential against metabolic syndrome diseases by Musa, Khalid Hamid, Hamad, Essam M., Elnour, Ahmed Adam Hassan Mohammed

“…Results: The findings indicated that CM possesses significant antioxidant properties, mainly attributed to its bioactive compounds, which can inhibit the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing OS. …”
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Stakeholder views on the uptake of sustainable and responsible nickel mining and processing supply chains for electric vehicles in Indonesia by Malik, Rameen Hayat

“…The findings highlight the significant influence of international investment, mainly Chinese investment in shaping Indonesia’s nickel processing capabilities, while also noting the ethical dilemmas and environmental hazards posed by the industry’s expansion. …”
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The future of the timeshare industry : will the brands dominate? : A summary of the vacation ownership industry and an analysis of the advantages that the brands have over smaller... by Bornstein, Ethan S., 1973-

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From cellular automata to agent-based models : addressing urban issues by Quek, Wei Liang

“…The continual urbanization of our modern world brings forth problems which are increas- ingly difficult to solve. This difficulty is mainly due to the complexity of the systems involved. …”
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Understanding the effect of chlorobenzene and isopropanol anti-solvent treatments on the recombination and interfacial charge accumulation in efficient planar perovskite solar cell... by Prochowicz, Daniel, Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli, Solanki, Ankur, Goh, Teck Wee, Pandey, Kavita, Sum, Tze Chien, Saliba, Michael, Yadav, Pankaj

“…We found that this enhanced hysteresis stems mainly from higher charge accumulation at the TiO2/perovskite interface under illumination that could also lead to formation of excess electrostatic potential contributing to an increased open circuit voltage (Voc). …”
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Spatter transport by inert gas flow in selective laser melting : a simulation study by Ahmad Bin Anwar, Ibrahim, Imran Halimi, Pham, Quang-Cuong

“…It was also shown that the trajectories of the spatter particles were governed mainly by their initial momentum when the inert gas flow velocity was increased. …”
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Non-uniform heat transfer suppression to enhance PCM melting by angled fins by Ji, Chenzhen, Qin, Zhen, Low, Zhenghua, Dubey, Swapnil, Choo, Fook Hoong, Duan, Fei

“…Besides, the enhancement ratio reveals that the melting enhancement by the fins mainly appears at the second half of the entire process, based on the PCM solid-liquid interface formed at the first half.…”
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Freezing of impact water droplets on cold moving substrates by Mohamad Taufiq Md Tarmidi

“…Droplet impingement has widely been the topic of interest for researchers worldwide mainly because of its vast applications in today’s world including spray cooling and anti-icing. …”
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Ultrasensitive metadevices for biosensing by Xiao, Shuqi

“…Starting with the principles, a metadevice is designed and its structure is introduced in the dissertation. The principles mainly include the surface plasmon polaritons and modulation of graphene by Fermi level. …”
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Three essays on corporate finance by Koh, Jee Youn

“…Thus, debtholders lose in PPoEs mainly due to issuers’ managerial entrenchment. In Chapter 3, we examine how private placements of equity (PPEs) by firms with large public customers affect the value of issuing firms and their large public customers. …”
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Application of microwave-assisted orange peel digestion in lithium-ion battery recycling by Nawfal Alimullah Marican

“…The microwave-assisted pre-treatment and hydrolytic leaching process were optimised mainly by varying the time and temperature parameters. …”
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Analogy or fallacy, unsafe chemical alternatives: mechanistic insights into energy metabolism dysfunction induced by Bisphenol analogs in HepG2 cells by Jia, Shenglan, Marques Dos Santos, Mauricius, Li, Caixia, Fang, Mingliang, Sureshkumar, Mithusha, Snyder, Shane Allen

“…Their toxicity assessment in humans has mainly focused on estrogenic activity, while other toxicity effects and mechanisms resulting from BPs exposure remain unclear. …”
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Mechanical characterization of co-extruded short fiber reinforced thermoplastic with UV curable thermoset by Zhao, Zhilong

“…As carbon fiber increasingly replaces traditional metal alloys, enhancing SCFR could unlock more potential, leading to new, high-value carbon fiber products. Current research mainly focuses on pure thermoplas tics or thermosets, with limited exploration of their blends. …”
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