Effect of vitamin A on adult lung function: a triangulation of evidence approach by Mongey, R, van der Plaat, DA, Shaheen, SO, Portas, L, Potts, J, Hind, MD, Minelli, C

“…We then assessed the causality of these associations using Mendelian randomisation (MR), and we investigated the effects on adult lung function of 39 genes related to vitamin A, and their interaction with vitamin A intake. Findings: Our observational analysis suggests a positive association between carotene intake and FVC only (13.3 mL per 100 µg/day; p=2.9×10−9), with stronger associations in smokers, but no association of retinol intake with FVC or FEV1/FVC. …”

The neural correlates of response inhibition across the transition from infancy to toddlerhood: an fNIRS Study by Fiske, A, Collins-Jones, L, de Klerk, C, Lui, KYK, Hendry, A, Greenhalgh, I, Hall, A, Dvergsdal, H, Scerif, G, Holmboe, K

“…We acknowledge the need for replication of these results. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the transition from infancy to toddlerhood may constitute an important period of reorganisation of the PFC that might support the development of early inhibitory control processes.…”

A genome-wide association study of respiratory syncytial virus infection severity in infants by Johnson, M, Chelysheva, I, Öner, D, McGinley, J, Lin, G-L, O'Connor, D, Robinson, H, Drysdale, SB, Gammin, E, Vernon, S, Muller, J, Wolfenden, H, Westcar, S, Anguvaa, L, Thwaites, RS, Bont, L, Wildenbeest, J, Martinón-Torres, F, Aerssens, J, Openshaw, PJM, Pollard, AJ

“…<p><strong> Conclusions</strong></p> These findings may provide insights into genetic mechanisms driving severe RSV infection, offering biologically relevant information for future investigations.…”

Strategic and operational issues in sustaining community-based dementia support groups: the Get Real with Meeting Centres realist evaluation part 2 by Morton, T, Evans, SB, Swift, R, Bray, J, Frost, F, Russell, C, Brooker, D, Wong, G, Hullah, N

“…This is the second of two linked articles outlining learning from this realist evaluation of Meeting Centres (MCs) for people with dementia and carers, which focusses on findings regarding their operational and strategic running.…”

At the frontiers between penal and psy discourses: judicial constructions of the mentally dis/ordered defendant in Hong Kong sentencing judgments by Chiu, TCU

“…While existing literature on the compulsory mental health regime in Hong Kong has found judges to defer, with little critical scrutiny, to medical professional opinion in finding mental incapacity and disorder, this thesis is the first to explore whether this judicial reliance on the clinical gaze extends to decision-making about sentencing in criminal law.…”

Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective... by Gunst, JD, Gohil, J, Li, JZ, Bosch, RJ, White, Catherine Seamon, A, Chun, T, Mothe, B, Gittens, K, Praiss, L, De Scheerder, M, Vandekerckhove, L, Escandón, K, Thorkelson, A, Schacker, T, SenGupta, D, Brander, C, Papasavvas, E, Montaner, LJ, Martinez-Picado, J, Calin, R, Castagna, A, Muccini, C, de Jong, W, Leal, L, Tipoe, T, Frater, J

“…Sustained PTC of pVL &lt;50 copies/ml after 84 days is rare in PWH, especially in those starting ART late. Our findings inform future interventional HIV cure/remission trials on study size and design.…”

Lasting dynamic effects of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4- iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) on cognitive flexibility by Sabanovic, M, Lazari, A, Blanco Pozo, M, Tisca, C, Tachrount, M, Martins Bach, A, Lerch, J, Walton, M, Bannerman, D

“…. (±)-DOI’s facilitation of both cognitive adaptation and novel thinking strategies may contribute to the clinical benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly in cases of perseverative behaviours and a resistance to change seen in depression, anxiety, or addiction. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial role of time-dependent neuroplasticity and the influence of experiential factors in shaping the therapeutic potential of psychedelic interventions for impaired cognitive flexibility.…”

Nuptial journeys: A cultural history of wedding travel in selected Habsburg unions ca 1450–1550 by Pastrnak, P

“…Chapter One looks into logistical aspects and finds that planning and execution expressed the dynastic-political expectations of splendour and social standing of both wedding parties. …”

Human nature, after all: affective realism in Russian foreign policy by Edinger, H

“…Around 2007, the quality and intensity of their affective disposition towards the West shifted from resentment to contempt, favouring yet more assertive policies. The thesis also finds that concerns regarding analysts’ inability to distinguish between genuine and instrumental displays of affect might be overstated. …”

Elevated basophil count is associated with increased risk of endometriosis by Feng, Q, Shigesi, N, Guan, J, Rahmioglu, N, Bafadhel, M, Paddon, K, Hubbard, C, Zondervan, K, Becker, C, Hellner, K

“…None of the other leukocyte subtypes showed an association. Our findings suggest an association between inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of endometriosis; future studies are warranted to investigate whether the association is causal.…”

Elucidating the non-apoptotic role of the caspases in the Drosophila intestinal system by Arthurton, L

“…Collectively, this data provides novels insights into the caspase-dependent but non-apoptotic regulation of the intestinal system in non-regenerative conditions. Furthermore, these findings could explain the correlation between caspase-9 misexpression and the bad prognosis observed in patients suffering from colon cancer. …”

Comparison of INTERGROWTH- 21st and Fenton growth standards to assess size at birth and at discharge in preterm infants in the United Arab Emirates by Cheikh Ismail, L, Mohamad, MN, Ohuma, EO, ElHalik, MS, Dash, SK, Osaili, TM, Hasan, H, Hashim, M, Saleh, ST, Daour, RA, Parker, SR, Ali, HI, Stojanovska, L, Al Dhaheri, AS

“…The rates of SGA, AGA, and LGA at birth were 11.5%, 80.42%, and 9.08% using INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts compared to 9.5%, 83.2%, and 7.3% respectively according to Fenton charts. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the two growth charts classifying of preterm infants based on weight, length, and head circumference (p < 0.05). …”

The big five personality traits and eating habits among female students at Zayed University by AlBlooshi, S, AlSabbah, K, Thani, S, Hijazi, R, Al Dhaheri, AS, Zeb, F, Cheikh Ismail, L

“…Key aspects of eating behavior studied included cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and emotional eating. The findings provide insights into how personality characteristics may influence eating habits, offering potential implications for interventions targeting healthier eating behaviors. …”

Surface plasmon-mediated photoluminescence boost in graphene-covered CsPbBr3 quantum dots by Park, Y, Oleiki, E, Ying, G, Jana, A, Alanazi, M, Osokin, V, Cho, S, Taylor, RA, Lee, G

“…The momentum mismatch between graphene plasmons and free-space photons is resolved through plasmon scattering at Gr/CsPbBr₃&nbsp;interface corrugations, facilitating the observed super-bright emission. These findings highlight the critical role of graphene as a top contact in dramatically enhancing CsPbBr₃&nbsp;QDs&rsquo; PL. …”

Autoimmune encephalitis by Irani, SR

“…In turn, these clinical features in combination with serologic findings and selective paraclinical testing, direct the rationale for the administration of immunotherapies. …”

Justice for strangers: culture and communication in the Singapore war crimes trials 1946-1948 by Ling, CW

“…<p>This study is organised around three questions: (a) How did the cultural difference between trial participants give rise to problems of language, participation, and argumentation; (b) How did judges respond to these problems and why did they choose to do so in particular ways; (c) What could have been done better in the Singapore Trials and what lessons do these trials hold for present-day war crimes trials. Among others, my findings confirm that participants need to share a certain amount of shared cultural knowledge for effective communication at trial. …”

The association between the proportion of Brexiters and COVID-19 death rates in England by Phalippou, L, Wu, B

“…Scientific prowess – such as finding effective vaccines – may not be sufficient to solve crises.…”

Cortical neurophysiology of ALS by Proudfoot, M

“…</p> <p>In conclusion, the results demonstrated considerable support for proposed excitotoxic disease mechanisms and were in alignment with reported findings in other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, a pilot study by which the neural mechanisms for cognitive impairment in ALS are explored via antisaccade performance is described. …”

Energy waste: the challenge of decarbonising office buildings by Suliman, A, Wheeler, S, Topouzi, M, Lizana, J

“…These gaps are divided into three interventional areas: occupancy, thermal comfort, and building characteristics. The findings also demonstrate the opportunity to mitigate energy waste by integrating a better understanding of the occupancy patterns in spaces (1), real-time thermal comfort satisfaction of occupants (2), and the combination of lower centralised thermal requirements with individual environmental control systems (3). …”

Conservation planning in Europe: ecological, financial, and political challenges by Hannemann, H

“…</p> <p>Overall these findings significantly improve the understanding of conservation and resource management in Europe and fill a number of important knowledge gaps. …”