Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Schumacher, AE, Kyu, HH, Aali, A, Almidani, O, Bandyopadhyay, S, Basnyat, B, Maude, RJ, Bennett, D, Browne, AJ, Dolecek, C, Dunachie, SJ, Newton, CRJ, Rodriguez, JAB

“…ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. …”

Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Ferrari, AJ, Santomauro, DF, Aali, A, Lacey, BWH, Rodriguez, JAB

“…Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. …”

15.021J / 11.433J Real Estate Economics, Spring 2004 by Wheaton, William C., 1944-

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Point-Defect Segregation and Space-Charge Potentials at the Σ5(310)[001] Grain Boundary in Ceria by Usler, Adrian L., Heelweg, Henrik J., De Souza, Roger A., Genreith-Schriever, Annalena R.

“…Segregation energies were calculated for oxygen vacancies, electron polarons, gadolinium and scandium acceptor cations, and tantalum donor cations. These energies deviate strongly from their bulk values over the same length scale, thus indicating a structural grain-boundary width of approximately 1.5 nm. …”
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Sorption of copper by dye-treated oil-palm fibres by Low, K.S., Lee, C.K., Lee, K.P.

“…Both dye-treated and natural oil-palm fibres from a palm-oil mill were used to remove copper and related heavy metal cations from solutions. The sorption of copper for both types of fibres was studied under various conditions, the parameters being effect of pH, initial concentrations, presence of other metal cations and chelators. …”
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Hydrogels from polymer for biomedical applications by Teo, Man Ru

“…While previous studies have examined the effects of cations on the gelation process of kappa-carrageenan, the studies were focused on Group I cations. …”
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Uncovering Fast Solid-Acid Proton Conductors Based on Dynamics of Polyanion Groups and Proton Bonding Strength by Žguns, Pjotrs, Klyukin, Konstantin, Wang, Louis S., Xiong, Grace, Li, Ju, Haile, Sossina M., Yildiz, Bilge

“…Using these descriptors, we have screened the Materials Project database and identified potential solid acid proton conductors with monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, including Ag+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Er3+ cations, which go beyond the traditionally considered monovalent alkali cations (Cs+, Rb+, K+, and NH4+) in solid acids.…”
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Adventures in low-valent germanium chemistry by Mangan, R

“…For instance, oxidative addition of certain cations with ammonia leads to a subsequent elimination. …”

The development of lead-less perovskite materials for the photovoltaic application by Chen, Yan

“…In these two lead-free perovskite systems, various inorganic or small organic cations were utilized in combination with the lead-free metallic cations and iodic anions to selectively tailor the crystal structure, band edge position, and ambient and thermal stabilities of the resulting perovskites. …”
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Removal of calcium and magnesium ions by biochar adsorption by Yaw, Hwee Sin

“…Therefore, this study investigated the removal of typical cations such as calcium and magnesium ions by innovative biochar adsorption method. …”
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Solution-processed lead halide perovskite single crystal scintillators by Xie, Aozhen

“…In this thesis, the focus will be on the how different components, including organic cation, halide anion and dopant affect the scintillator performance. …”
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Topochemical manipulation of some complex transition metal oxides by Amano Patiño, ME

“…To the best of our knowledge, this material is the first example of a B-cation ordered infinite-layer oxide phase. The low oxidation states of the transition-metal cations are confirmed by DFT calculations from which a spin moment S = ½ is determined for the nickel while the ruthenium centres adopt an intermediate-spin S = 1 configuration. …”

Reaction mechanisms of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethanolamine in the precursor solution for producing (K, Na)NbO3 thin films with outstanding piezoelectric properties by Goh, Phoi Chin, Yao, Kui, Chen, Zhong

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to analyze the interactions among EDTA, DEA, and metal cations in both precursor solutions and amorphous films. …”
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The multicomponent exchange of metals between magmatic fluids and silicate melts by Gion, AM, Gaillard, F

“…The equilibrium concentrations of each species were then used to calculate apparent equilibrium constants and characterize the exchange of 42 cations between the fluid and silicate melts for 129 aqueous species. …”

Electric field induced associations in the double layer of salt-in-ionic-liquid electrolytes by Markiewitz, Daniel M, Goodwin, Zachary AH, McEldrew, Michael, Pedro de Souza, J, Zhang, Xuhui, Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M, Bazant, Martin Z

“…However, at large negative voltages, which are strong enough to break the alkali metal cation–anion associations, these IL cations are exchanged for the alkali metal cation because of their higher charge density. …”
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Polyterthiophenes cross-linked with terpyridyl metal complexes for molecular architecture of optically and electrochemically tunable materials by Wagner, Michal, Wagner, Klaudia, Barnsley, Jonathan E., Veksha, Andrei, Wagner, Paweł, Gordon, Keith C., Bobacka, Johan, Wallace, Gordon G., Ivaska, Ari, Officer, David L., Lisak, Grzegorz

“…Particularly, we focused our attention on terthiophenes functionalized with terpyridine groups, along with Fe2+ cations present during electrochemical synthesis. …”
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Dynamical Janus interface design for reversible and fast-charging zinc–iodine battery under extreme operating conditions by Zong, W, Li, J, Zhang, C, Dai, Y, Ouyang, Y, Zhang, L, Li, J, Zhang, W, Chen, R, Dong, H, Gao, X, Zhu, J, Parkin, IP, Shearing, PR, Lai, F, Amine, K, Liu, T, He, G

“…To overcome these concerns, we report a dynamical interface design by cation chemistry that improves the reversibility of Zn deposition and four-electron iodine conversion. …”

Chiral 2D-perovskite nanowires for stokes photodetectors by Zhao, Yingjie, Qiu, Yuchen, Feng, Jiangang, Zhao, Jiahui, Chen, Gaosong, Gao, Hanfei, Zhao, Yuyan, Jiang, Lei, Wu, Yuchen

“…Layered perovskites are capable of cross-linking efficient carrier transport originating from few-layer perovskite frameworks with extended functionalities contributed by designable bulky organic cations and nanostructures, thus providing a platform for multiscale material engineering. …”
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Hildebrand solubility parameters of ionic liquids : effects of ionic liquid type, temperature and DMA fraction in ionic liquid by Weerachanchai, Piyarat, Chen, Zhengjian, Leong, Susanna Su Jan, Chang, Matthew Wook, Lee, Jong-Min

“…The values of ionic liquids containing BMIM cations are in the following order: [PF6] > [Tf2N] > [Cl], while those of ionic liquids containing EMIM cations are in the order: [BF4] > [DEPO4] > [AC]. …”
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Polymer based photonic crystal fibre sensor for detection of nickel ions in water by Mangalapriyaa Doraisamy

“…In this report, the possibilities of utilizing Mach-Zehnder Interferometer design for the detection of heavy metal ions: nickel cations (Ni2+) would be explored. This report investigates the optimization of coating of chitosan (2%) onto an optical fibre sensor and its sensitivity in sensing nickel (II) chloride-ions.…”
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