Policy complexity suppresses dopamine responses by Gershman, SJ, Lak, A

“…We show that male and female mice achieve performance on a perceptual decision task that is near-optimal given their capacity limits, as measured by policy complexity (the mutual information between states and actions). …”

Evaporation of sessile saline droplet with surfactant on silicon wafer substrate by Yap, Ming Sheng

“…For the crystallisation process, various number of NaCl crystals are formed near the edge of the droplet during the later stage of evaporation process and move towards the centre as it grow due to the increase in crystal size which becomes confined between the solid substrate and free surface. …”
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The cancellation heuristic in intertemporal choice shifts people's time preferences by Sengupta, Arjun, Savani, Krishna

“…Given diminishing marginal utility, we hypothesized that people would perceive an identical difference between the smaller earlier reward and the larger later reward as being subjectively greater when both amounts are smaller in magnitude, thereby increasing the relative attractiveness of the larger later reward in the partition condition. …”
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Piloting a drama-based oral language intervention by Faitaki, F, Liggins, S, Murphy, V

“…Children’s oral language skills at the earliest stages of education are known to determine their success at school later on. Improving oral language skills is achievable through targeted intervention, and drama can be an effective intervention medium, but its potential has not been extensively evaluated to date. …”

The 'Clisurean' finds from Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania by Bonsall, C, Boroneanţ, A, Evatt, A, Soficaru, A, Nica, C, Bartosiewicz, L, Cook, G, Higham, TFG, Pickard, C

“…Comparison of the Climente II archaeological inventory with that from later, fisher-hunter-gatherer settlements in the Iron Gates indicates continuity of mortuary ritual, lithic tradition and subsistence practices from the Lateglacial into the Early Holocene.…”

Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations by Barrie, W, Yang, Y, Irving-Pease, EK, Attfield, KE, Scorrano, G, Jensen, LT, Armen, AP, Dimopoulos, EA, Stern, A, Refoyo-Martinez, A, Pearson, A, Ramsøe, A, Gaunitz, C, Demeter, F, Jørkov, MLS, Møller, SB, Springborg, B, Klassen, L, Hyldgård, IM, Wickmann, N, Vinner, L, Korneliussen, TS, Allentoft, ME, Sikora, M, Kristiansen, K, Rodriguez, S, Nielsen, R, Iversen, AKN, Lawson, DJ, Fugger, L, Willerslev, E

“…We further show that these MS-associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection both within the steppe population and later in Europe, probably driven by pathogenic challenges coinciding with changes in diet, lifestyle and population density. …”

Psychological significance of name changes: a case study of (North) Macedonia's name referendum by Stojanov, A, Segal, K, Halberstadt, J, Whitehouse, H

“…Participants (ethnic Macedonians, N = 301) took a survey measuring these variables, along with their voting intentions and behavior, one week prior to a national referendum on the name change, and again several weeks later. The results indicated that while all variables predicted negative attitudes toward the name change, only considering the name a sacred value and, to a lesser extent, being identified with the country, uniquely predicted this outcome, and only sacred values uniquely predicted voting. …”

The longitudinal effects of intergroup contact on youth attitudes towards ethnic minorities and constructive societal engagement by Schaefer, D, McKeown, S, Ali, S, DuPont, P-L, Manley, D, Rao, S, Taylor, LK, McKeown Jones, S

“…Building on the relatively smaller body of longitudinal intergroup contact research, we conduct a three-time point survey amongst youth in Northern Ireland to determine whether frequent and good quality interactions with ethnic minority groups is associated with later reports on: (1) attitudes towards ethnic minorities, (2) prosocial behaviour toward ethnic minorities, and (3) civic engagement. …”

Express: Learning new words via reading: the influence of emotional narrative context on learning novel adjectives by Dong, Y, Mak, MH, Hepach, R, Nation, K

“…Both immediately after and 24 hours later, participants completed a series of post-tests including speeded recognition, sentence completion, meaning generation, and valence judgment. …”

Childhood language development and alexithymia in adolescence: an eight-year longitudinal study by Lee, K-S, Catmur, C, Bird, G

“…Results indicated that boys with low language function at ages 4-5, and those who later met the diagnostic criteria for language disorders at ages 5-6, reported elevated alexithymic traits when they reached adolescence. …”

Analisis domain terhadap penggunaan bahasa kebangsaan di Greater KL by Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, Mohammed Azlan Mis

“…Majoiriti kaum Melayu mendapat pendidikan di sekolah kebangsaan yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar, manakala kaum Cina dan India pula bercampur-campur disebabkan oleh latar pendidikan di sekolah vernakular dan di sekolah kebangsaan. …”
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Nonthermal solid-solid phase transition in ferromagnetic iron by Azadi, S, Wark, J, Vinko, SM

“…The transition corresponds to a solid-solid BCC to FCC phase transformation and takes place at an electron temperature of 0.62 eV while the ion lattice remains near room temperature. The BCC structure initially undergoes phonon softening during the magnetic transformation, followed by a solid-solid phase transition to the FCC structure, and a subsequent hardening of phonon modes. …”

Robust and fast microwave-driven quantum logic for trapped-ion qubits by Weber, MA, Gely, MF, Hanley, RK, Harty, TP, Leu, AD, Löschnauer, CM, Nadlinger, DP, Lucas, DM

“…We implement Mølmer-Sørensen two-qubit gates on ⁴³⁢Ca⁺ hyperfine clock qubits in a cryogenic ( ≈25 K) surface trap, driven by near-field microwaves. We achieve gate durations of 154 µs [with 1.0(2)% error] and 331 µs [0.5(1)% error], which approaches the performance of typical laser-driven gates. …”

Online tree reconstruction and forest inventory on a mobile robotic system by Freißmuth, L, Mattamala Aravena, M, Chebrolu, N, Schaefer, S, Leutenegger, S, Fallon, M

“…This enables us to refine our estimates of the tree traits if an area is revisited later during a mission. We demonstrate competitive accuracy to TLS or manual measurements using laser scanners that we mounted on backpacks or mobile robots operating in conifer, broad-leaf and mixed forests. …”

Astley's Amphitheatre and the early circus in England, 1768-1830 by Kwint, M

“…Subsequent investigations are made into a social and economic life which is belied by the circus’ later image of separatism; and Astley's early struggles with the law and, to a lesser extent, respectability. …”

Information gathering: dissociable effects of autistic and alexithymic traits in youths aged 6–25 years by Lee, KS, Long, EL, Catmur, C, Hauser, TU, Bird, G

“…Computational modeling suggested this may be because of the delayed emergence of subjective costs of information gathering in high autistic trait individuals, resulting in later guesses. Alexithymia was uniquely associated with inconsistent emotional responses to rewards and losses and to reduced information gathering about emotional states when assessed using parent-report measures. …”

‘Des mémoires sur la vie de cet illustre philosophe’: George Leman Tuthill’s unwritten biography of Diderot by Warman, C

“…They are now in an archive with Naigeon’s manuscript in the Bibliothèque Carnegie de Reims. Tuthill later trained as a doctor and became renowned as a physician to various asylums; he therefore boasts an entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, but nothing appears there about his earlier ambitions with respect to Diderot, and Diderot scholarship has known nothing about his existence. …”

Oxford brain health clinic: protocol and research database by O'Donoghue, MC, Blane, J, Gillis, G, Mitchell, R, Lindsay, K, Semple, J, Pretorius, PM, Griffanti, L, Fossey, J, Raymont, V, Martos, L, Mackay, CE

“…<p><strong>Introduction</strong> Despite major advances in the field of neuroscience over the last three decades, the quality of assessments available to patients with memory problems in later life has barely changed. At the same time, a large proportion of dementia biomarker research is conducted in selected research samples that often poorly reflect the demographics of the population of patients who present to memory clinics. …”

Signs of criticality in social explosions by Beiró, Mariano G., Chung, Ning Ning, Chew, Lock Yue, Gandica, Yérali

“…The success of an on-line movement could be defined in terms of the shift to large-scale and the later off-line massive street actions of protests. …”
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The Impact of Vegetation Morphology on Turbulence and Bedload Transport by Zhao, Tian

“…Results of flume experiments using a constant channel average velocity revealed that bedload transport was predominantly correlated with near-bed turbulence, but was also weakly correlated with near-bed velocity. …”
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