Strategi pengurusan kewangan mahasiswa berkahwin: kajian perbandingan Malaysia dan Indonesia by Zaimah Ramli, Noor Amarina Mohd Farid, Sarmila Md Sum, Azima Abdul Manaf

“…Kajian menggunakan dua teknik persampelan, iaitu persampelan bebola salji di UKM dan persampelan bertujuan di UBDI. …”
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Excluding Large Wild Herbivores Reduced Norway Spruce Dominance and Supported Tree Species Richness in a Young, Naturally Regenerated Stand by Bohdan Konôpka, Vladimír Šebeň, Jozef Pajtík, Lisa A. Shipley

“…When we compared tree community characteristics between the unfenced and fenced plots, we found fewer and smaller broadleaved tree species, except silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth.) in the unfenced plots. Although common rowan (<i>Sorbus aucuparia</i> L.) was the dominant species within fenced plots, where some individuals were over 6.0 m tall, this species was rare outside the fenced area and usually did not exceed 1.5 m. …”
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Impact of Tree Species and Substrates on the Microbial and Physicochemical Properties of Reclaimed Mine Soil in the Novel Ecosystems by Marcin Pietrzykowski, Amisalu Milkias Misebo, Marek Pająk, Bartłomiej Woś, Katarzyna Sroka, Marcin Chodak

“…This research aimed to evaluate the impact of pioneer and N-fixing tree species and substrates on the post-mining soil microbial and physicochemical properties. Common birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth) and Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.), as the commonly introduced species on reclaimed mine soils (RMS) in eastern and central Europe, were selected as pioneer species, whereas black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L) Gaernt.) and black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L.) were selected as N-fixer species. …”
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Effect of growing density on biomass and stem volume growth of downy birch stands on peatland in Western and Northern Finland by Niemistö, Pentti

“…A thinning in downy birch stands increased slightly the size of stems to be removed in future cuttings, but with exception for very light thinning it decreased the production of biomass and merchantable wood.Betula pubescens3-1-1-13-1-1-1-1-1d3-1-1…”
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Restoration of forest soils on reforested abandoned agricultural lands by V.V. Podrázský, I. Ulbrichová

“…The process of restoration of a new humus form was analysed in plantations of American red oak (Quercus rubra), Swedish birch (Betula pendula), European larch (Larix europea) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), the site was homogeneous. …”
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Contrasting Litter Nutrient and Metal Inputs and Soil Chemistry among Five Common Eastern North American Tree Species by Neil F. J. Ott, Shaun A. Watmough

“…Carr.), white pine (<i>Pinus strobus</i> L.), sugar maple (<i>Acer saccharum</i> Marsh.), and yellow birch (<i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> Britt.)), litterfall and soil chemistry were measured at a managed forest in Central Ontario, Canada. …”
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Carbon Budget of Undrained and Drained Nutrient-Rich Organic Forest Soil by Aldis Butlers, Andis Lazdiņš, Santa Kalēja, Arta Bārdule

“…The study sites included forest stands dominated by Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>), silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i>), black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i>), and clear-cuts. …”
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Macro- and Micronutrient Contents in Soils of a Chronosequence of Naturally Regenerated Birch Stands on Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Central Poland by Tomasz Gawęda, Stanisław Małek, Ewa Błońska, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Szymon Bijak, Michał Zasada

“…Abandoned agricultural lands in Central and Northern Europe undergo a quite rapid secondary succession of woody species, especially silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth.) as a pioneer tree species. …”
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Stand Biomass at Treeline Ecotone in Russian Subarctic Mountains Is Primarily Related to Species Composition but Its Dynamics Driven by Improvement of Climatic Conditions by Pavel A. Moiseev, Frank Hagedorn, Dmitry S. Balakin, Maxim O. Bubnov, Nadezhda M. Devi, Vladimir V. Kukarskih, Valery S. Mazepa, Sergey O. Viyukhin, Arina A. Viyukhina, Andrey A. Grigoriev

“…The estimates were based on allometric measurements of 139 trees of five species (<i>Betula pubescens</i> Ehrh. ssp. <i>tortuosa</i>, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L., <i>Picea abies</i> Ledeb. ssp. obovata, <i>Larix sibirica</i> Ledeb., and <i>Larix gmelinii</i> Rupr.), stand structure assessments, and the demographic patterns of 9300 trees. …”
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Declines in populations of Salix caprea L.during forest regeneration after strong herbivore pressure by Janusz B. Faliński

“…The relief of this pressure led to regeneration of the community, in which an important role was played by the sallow Salix caprea and other light-seeded pioneer species of tree (Populus tremula, Betula pendula and B. pubescens). Regeneration involving Salix caprea proceeded following the conservatorial protection of the degenerate stands in a reserve and later in Białowieża National Park. …”
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Variations in Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Structures Among Different Revegetation Types in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve by Jiaojiao Deng, Jiaojiao Deng, You Yin, You Yin, Wenxu Zhu, Wenxu Zhu, Yongbin Zhou, Yongbin Zhou

“…We compared patterns of soil bacterial community diversity and structure in six secondary forests (JM, Juglans mandshurica; QM, Quercus mongolica; MB, mixed Broadleaf forest; BE, Betula ermanii; CB, conifer-broadleaf forest; PT, Pinus tabuliformis) and two plantation forests (LG, Larix gmelinii; PK, Pinus koraiensis) of the Baishilazi Nature Reserve, China, based on the 16S rRNA high-throughput Illumina sequencing data. …”
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Effects of Afforestation Patterns on Soil Nutrient and Microbial Community Diversity in Rocky Desertification Areas by Liling Liu, Ting He, Ninghua Zhu, Yuanying Peng, Xiaoqian Gao, Zongxin Liu, Peng Dang

“…In this work, four study plots including three types of forests—pure <i>Pinus massoniana</i> plantations, <i>Toona sinensis</i> plantations, mixed coniferous and broadleaf plantations (<i>Pinus massoniana</i>–<i>Betula luminifera</i> forests), and unforested area as the control—were established in a karst desertification area in the Hunan province of China. …”
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Multipurpose National Forest Inventory in Mongolia, 2014-2017 -A tool to support sustainable forest management by Dan Altrell

“…The main tree species in stocked forest are Larix sibirica (81%), Pinus sibirica (7%), Betula platyphylla (6%) and Pinus sylvestris (5%), of which all, except for P. sibirica, are classified as legally harvestable tree species. …”
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The Spatial Pattern of the Upper Limit of Montane Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forests and Its Geographical Interpretation in the East Monsoon Realm of China by Jing Wang, Baiping Zhang, Yonghui Yao

“…The results show that: (1) the upper limit of MDB in the east monsoon realm of China, 2800 m, is the highest in Taibai peak of the Qinling mountain ranges, from where it tends to decrease both northward and southward. (2) The upper limit of MDB on the mountains with climatic treeline is mainly affected by climatic factors, the minimum temperature of the coldest month (MinT), and the precipitation seasonality (PS), with an R² of 0.733. (3) The upper limit of MDB on both temperate and subtropical mountains without climatic treeline is affected by MinT, PS, peak elevation, and cold tolerance of dominant species together, with an R² of 0.793 and 0.748, respectively. (4) The dominant species of the upper limit of MDB significantly differ temperate and subtropical ranges, the former of which is mainly in the genus <i>Betula</i>, and the latter of which is in the genus <i>Quercus</i>. …”
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Short‐term effects of summer warming on caribou forage quality are mitigated by long‐term warming by A. Joshua Leffler, Heidi A. Becker, Katharine C. Kelsey, Donald A. Spalinger, Jeffrey M. Welker

“…Here, we compare changes in leaf nitrogen (N) concentration, digestibility, and protein‐precipitating capacity (PPC) in short‐term (i.e., <1–2 summers) and long‐term (approximately 25 years) experimental warming plots with ambient temperature plots for three species commonly included in caribou summer diets: Salix pulchra (diamond‐leaf willow), Betula nana (dwarf birch), and Eriophorum vaginatum (cottongrass). …”
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Flowering prediction of pear tree (Pyrus communis L.), apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) and plum tree (Prunus domestica L.) - similarities and differences by Klemen BERGANT, Zalika ČREPINŠEK, Lučka KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ

“…First average monthly air temperature and average monthly amount of precipitation from January to April were used as predictors for flowering of fruit trees during the time period 1967-1996 and in second case input data for models were phenological data of autochthonous plants: first leaves unfolded of Betula pendula ROTH, Fagus sylvatica L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. …”
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Plastome phylogenomics provide new perspective into the phylogeny and evolution of Betulaceae (Fagales) by Zhen Yang, Wenxu Ma, Xiaohong Yang, Lujun Wang, Tiantian Zhao, Lisong Liang, Guixi Wang, Qinghua Ma

“…Phylogenomic analyses yielded high-resolution topology that supported reciprocal monophyly between Betula and Alnus within Betuloideae, and successive divergence of Corylus, Ostryopsis, and Carpinus-Ostrya within Coryloideae. …”
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Effects of Neighborhood Competition and Stand Structure on the Productivity of Pure and Mixed <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i> Forests by Jing Zhang, Jinman Zhao, Ruiming Cheng, Zhaoxuan Ge, Zhidong Zhang

“…Three plots in the Guandi Mountains, Shanxi Province, were set up for each of the following forest types: natural pure larch forest (PL), mixed larch and birch (<i>Betula platyphylla</i>) forest (LB), and mixed larch and spruce (<i>Picea asperata</i>) forest (LS). …”
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Eco-Physiological Adaptations of the Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes Fungi to CO₂ and O₂ Mode in the Woody Habitat by Victor A. Mukhin, Daria K. Diyarova

“…Their CO₂ and O₂ gas exchange were analyzed in natural samples of woody substrates (<i>Betula pendula</i>, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) and basidiocarps by the chamber method using a CO₂/O₂ gas analyzer. …”
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Characteristics and chemical reactivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds from dominant forest species in the Jing-Jin-Ji area, China by Ying Lin, Xiaoxiu Lun, Wei Tang, Zhongzhi Zhang, Xiaoxi Jing, Chong Fan, Qiang Wang

“…Based on the field survey, forest resources data and the measured standard emission factors, the Guenther model developed in 1993 (G93) was applied in this paper to estimate the emission of BVOCs from several dominant forest species (Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Betula platyphylla, Populus tomentosa, Pinus tabuliformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Salix babylonica and Larix gmelinii) in the Jing-Jin-Ji area in 2017. …”
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