Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies by Wood, A, Kaptoge, S, Butterworth, A, Woodward, M, Key, T, Travis, R, Peto, R, al., E, Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration / EPIC-CVD / UK Biobank Alcohol Study Group

“…In comparison to those who reported drinking >0–≤100 g per week, those who reported drinking >100–≤200 g per week, >200–≤350 g per week, or >350 g per week had lower life expectancy at age 40 years of approximately 6 months, 1–2 years, or 4–5 years, respectively. …”

Public preferences for delayed or immediate antibiotic prescriptions in UK primary care: a choice experiment by Morrell, E, Buchanan, J, Roope, L, Pouwels, K, Butler, C, Tonkin-Crine, S, Walker, S, Wordsworth, S

“…Study limitations include its hypothetical nature, which may not reflect real-life behaviour; the absence of a “no prescription” option; and the possibility that study respondents may not represent the views of population groups who are typically under-represented in on-line surveys. …”

Molecular mechanisms of drug transport through peptide transporters by Lichtinger, SM

“…<p>Proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) — members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) with homology across the tree of life — couple the intestinal uptake of short peptides to the downhill symport of protons in an alternating access mechanism. …”

A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of topical intranasal corticosteroids in 4- to 11-year-old children with persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion in prima... by Williamson, I, Benge, S, Barton, S, Petrou, S, Letley, L, Fasey, N, Abangma, G, Dakin, H, Little, P

“…The economic evaluation found the active treatment arm to be dominated by placebo, accruing slightly (but not significantly) higher costs and fewer quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), with a 24.2% probability that topical steroids are a cost-effective use of NHS resources at a ceiling ratio of £20,000 per QALY gained. …”

Premature mortality in children aged 6–9 years with neurological impairments in rural Kenya: A cohort study by Abuga, J, Kariuki, S, Kinyanjui, S, Boele Van Hensbroek, M, Newton, C

“…BACKGROUND:Neurological impairments might significantly contribute to reduced life expectancy in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). …”

Treatment of childhood anxiety disorder in the context of maternal anxiety disorder: a randomised controlled trial and economic analysis. by Creswell, C, Cruddace, S, Gerry, S, Gitau, R, McIntosh, E, Mollison, J, Murray, L, Shafran, R, Stein, A, Violato, M, Voysey, M, Willetts, L, Williams, N, Yu, L, Cooper, P

“…Outcomes in the economic analyses were identified and measured using estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). QALYS were combined with treatment, health and social care costs and presented within an incremental cost-utility analysis framework with associated uncertainty.MCBT was associated with significant short-term improvement in maternal anxiety; however, after children had received CCBT, group differences were no longer apparent. …”

The effects of excess body weight on the heart and liver by Banerjee, R

“…</p> <p>Lastly, all these new biomarkers of early cardiac and liver disease associated with excess weight were applied to obese and lean children, to understand whether ectopic fat played a substantial role in early life. Obese children had increased ectopic fat in their hearts and livers, as well as impaired strain, evidence of dyslipidaemia, and in some cases evidence of active steatohepatitis, comparable to adults with severe disease.…”

Immediate fluid management of children with severe febrile illness and signs of impaired circulation in low-income settings: a contextualised systematic review by Opiyo, N, Molyneux, E, Sinclair, D, Garner, P, English, M

“…In one additional observational study, resuscitation consistent with Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) guidelines, including fluids, was not associated with reduced mortality in the small subgroup with septic shock (very low quality evidence). …”

Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17 by Wiens, KE, Lindstedt, PA, Blacker, BF, Lacey, BWH, Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators, Bennett, D, Moore, C

“…Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage.…”

Extra-coronary arterial disease: incidence, projected future burden, risk factors and prevention by Howard, D

“…</p> <p>I found that compared with the current UK AAA screening strategy (one-off scan for men aged 65), screening of male smokers at 65 and all men at 75 would prevent nearly four-times as many deaths and three-times as many life-years lost with 21% fewer annual scans. I have also shown that incidence of acute aortic dissection is higher than previous estimates, a third of cases are out-of-hospital deaths, and uncontrolled hypertension is the most significant treatable risk factor for this condition. …”

Effect of antihypertensive medication reduction vs usual care on short-term blood pressure control in patients aged ≥ 80 years with hypertension: the OPTiMISE randomized clinical t... by Sheppard, JP, Burt, J, Lown, M, Temple, E, Lowe, R, Fraser, R, Allen, J, Ford, GA, Heneghan, C, Hobbs, FDR, Jowett, S, Kodabuckus, S, Little, P, Mant, J, Mollison, J, Payne, RA, Williams, M, Yu, L-M, McManus, RJ

“…Secondary outcomes included the proportion of participants maintaining medication reduction and differences in blood pressure, frailty, quality of life, adverse effects, and serious adverse events.…”

Prevention of violence against women and girls: a cost-effectiveness study across 6 low- and middle-income countries by Ferrari, G, Torres-Rueda, S, Chirwa, E, Gibbs, A, Orangi, S, Barasa, E, Tawiah, T, Dwommoh Prah, RK, Hitimana, R, Daviaud, E, Kapapa, E, Dunkle, K, Heise, L, Stern, E, Chatterji, S, Omondi, B, Ogum Alangea, D, Karmaliani, R, Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja, H, Jewkes, R, Watts, C, Vassall, A

“…We computed the health burden from VAWG with disability-adjusted life year (DALY). We estimated per capita DALYs averted using statistical models that reflect each trial’s design and any baseline imbalances. …”

A type of novel energy harvesting device by Deng, J

“…However, these traditional energy sources are impractical for powering wireless devices due to their inherent limitations, e.g., the high setup cost of wiring power and the finite life span of batteries. In view of these facts, more attentions have been drawn on vibration energy sources existing in ambient environment where sensors operate. …”

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…</p> <p><strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. …”

Cell targeted phenotyping: understanding molecular genetic mechanisms of C9ORF72 ALS in motor neurons by Burley, S

“…At present there is no cure for ALS and only treatments such as Riluzole to prolong life for a few months are available. There is a need to better understand disease progression and develop therapeutic approaches.…”

Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation. by Civljak, M, Sheikh, A, Stead, L, Car, J

“… BACKGROUND: The Internet has become a regular part of daily life for the majority of people in many parts of the world. …”

Plaster cast versus functional brace for non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture (UKSTAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation by Costa, ML, Achten, J, Marian, IR, Dutton, SJ, Lamb, SE, Ollivere, B, Maredza, M, Petrou, S, Kearney, RS, Abdallah, A, Ballal, M, Ballester, J, Beastall, J, Bhattacharya, R, Burrt, S, Deakin, M, Deol, R, Dramis, A, El-Kawy, S, Eyre, J, Forder, J, Ghosh, A, Guha, A, Hancock, N, Harrold, F, Harwood, P, Hull, P, Johnstone, A, Kapoor, S, Karagkevrekis, B, Kelly, A, Kurdy, N, Kurup, H, Lyle, V, Madan, S, Madeley, J, Mahmood, A, Malik, A, McAndrew, A, Mishra, V, Modi, N, Nanda, R, Reichert, I, Reissis, N, Sampalli, S, Scott, A, Walter, R, Westwood, M

“…The aim of the UKSTAR trial was to compare functional and quality-of-life outcomes and resource use in patients treated non-operatively with plaster cast versus functional brace.…”

Ways of knowing

“…It seems to me that one's position on the graded continuum of opinions about consciousness (as for other controversial and emotionally charged issues such as politics, euthanasia, environmental ethics, abortion, animal rights, etc) is not based on strictly rational arguments or proven facts, but rather stems from a set of beliefs that each one of us have, a set of beliefs which has evolved through nothing more specific than having lived a life, read certain books, conversed with certain people and a range of other factors, most of us would be hard-pressed to identify. …”

Ending the drought: new strategies for improving the flow of affordable, effective antivenoms in Asia and Africa. by Williams, D, Gutiérrez, J, Calvete, J, Wüster, W, Ratanabanangkoon, K, Paiva, O, Brown, N, Casewell, N, Harrison, R, Rowley, P, O'Shea, M, Jensen, S, Winkel, K, Warrell, D

“…The result is that tens of thousands are denied an essential life-saving medicine, allowing a toll of human suffering that is a summation of many individual catastrophes. …”

A master protocol to investigate a novel therapy acetyl-L-leucine for three ultra-rare neurodegenerative diseases: Niemann-Pick type C, the GM2 gangliosidoses, and ataxia telangiec... by Fields, T, Patterson, M, Bremova-Ertl, T, Belcher, G, Billington, I, Churchill, GC, Davis, W, Evans, W, Flint, S, Galione, A, Granzer, U, Greenfield, J, Karl, R, Kay, R, Lewi, D, Mathieson, T, Meyer, T, Pangonis, D, Platt, FM, Tsang, L, Verburg, C, Factor, M, Strupp, M

“…<br><strong> Discussion<br></strong> The novel CI-CS assessment, developed through a collaboration of all stakeholders, is advantageous in that it better ensures the primary endpoint is functionally relevant for each patient, is able to capture small but meaningful clinical changes critical to the patients’ quality of life (fine-motor skills; gait), and blinds the primary outcome assessment. …”