Expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the European corn borer (<it>Ostrinia nubilalis</it>): Exploring candidate genes potentially involved in <it>Bacillus thuringiensis </it>... by Crespo Andre LB, Yao Jianxiu, Higgins Randall A, Buschman Lawrent L, Chen Ming-Shun, Zhu Yu, Khajuria Chitvan, Siegfried Blair D, Muthukrishnan Subbaratnam, Zhu Kun

“…Comparisons of expression profiles of 41 selected candidate genes between Cry1Ab-susceptible and resistant strains of ECB by RT-PCR showed apparently decreased expressions in 2 trypsin-like and 2 chymotrypsin-like protease genes, and 1 aminopeptidase genes in the resistant strain as compared with the susceptible strain. …”
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The HIV-1 epidemic in Bolivia is dominated by subtype B and CRF12_BF "family" strains by Guimarães Monick L, Velarde-Dunois Ketty G, Segurondo David, Morgado Mariza G

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Molecular epidemiological studies of HIV-1 in South America have revealed the occurrence of subtypes B, F1 and BF1 recombinants. …”
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COVID-19 outbreaks at shelters for women who are victims of gender-based violence from Ecuador by Alexander Paolo Vallejo-Janeta, Diana Morales-Jadan, Byron Freire-Paspuel, Tannya Lozada, Cesar Cherrez-Bohorquez, Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Ismar Rivera-Olivero, Aquiles Rodrigo Henriquez, Tatiana Jaramillo, Daniela Santander Gordon, Gabriel Alfredo Iturralde, Julio Alejandro Teran, Karen Marcela Vasquez, Jonathan Dario Rondal, Genoveva Granda, Ana Cecilia Santamaria, Cynthia Lorena Pino, Oscar Lenin Espinosa, Angie Buitron, David Sanchez Grisales, Karina Beatriz Jimenez, Heberson Galvis, Barbara Coronel, Vanessa Bastidas, Dayana Marcela Aguilar, Ines Maria Paredes, Christian David Bilvao, Maria Belen Paredes-Espinosa, Angel S. Rodriguez, Juan Carlos Laglaguano, Henry Herrera, Pablo Marcelo Espinosa, Edison Andres Galarraga, Marlon Steven Zambrano-Mila, Ana Maria Tito-Alvarez, Nelson David Zapata

“…They had been granted access to RT-qPCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis since July 2020, a few weeks after the general population lockdown was lifted. …”
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Genotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains observed in a tuberculosis high-burden municipality in Northeast, Brazil by Roberta dos Santos Silva Luiz, Phillip Suffys, Elizabeth Clara Barroso, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Cynthia Romariz Duarte, Max Victor Carioca Freitas, Rosa Maria Salani Mota, Cristiane Cunha Frota

“…DISCUSSION: it was observed that the spoligopatterns family distribution was similar to that reported for south america, prevailing the lam and h lineages. a high rate-case among the resistant TB group occurs as a result of transmitted and acquired resistance. …”
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Accumulation of azafrin in the root apoplast of the medicinal plant Escobedia grandiflora might play a role in parasitism by Edison Cardona‐Medina, Marisa Santos, Rubens Nodari, Dámaso Hornero‐Méndez, Arnau Peris, Darren C. J. Wong, José Tomás Matus, Manuel Rodríguez‐Concepción

“…Societal Impact Statement Escobedia grandiflora is a medicinal hemiparasite that occurs naturally in non‐forested communities in Central and South America. Parasitic plants accumulate high levels of a water‐soluble orange pigment in roots that was once among the most important food dyes in the Andean region. …”
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Optimizing Clinical Implementation of Hypofractionation: Comprehensive Evidence Synthesis and Practical Guidelines for Low- and Middle-Income Settings by Maria Thereza Mansur Starling, Stephane Thibodeau, Cecília Félix Penido Mendes de Sousa, Felipe Cicci Farinha Restini, Gustavo A. Viani, Andre G. Gouveia, Lucas C. Mendez, Gustavo Nader Marta, Fabio Ynoe Moraes

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Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG anti-SARS-COV-2 and associated factors among agricultural workers in Colombia by M.F. Rodríguez, J.F. Porras-Villamil, L.V. Martin, J.E. Rivera, Y.C. Mantilla, M.J. Olivera

“…Background: The population of South America has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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Investigation of Low Latitude Spread-F Triggered by Nighttime Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance by Zhongxin Deng, Rui Wang, Yi Liu, Tong Xu, Zhuangkai Wang, Guanyi Chen, Qiong Tang, Zhengwen Xu, Chen Zhou

“…Moreover, after thorough investigation over the azimuth, phase speed, main frequency, and wave number over the South America region, we found that the spread-F has a tendency to be triggered by nighttime MSTID, which is generally characterized by larger ΔTEC amplitudes.…”
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Xylella fastidiosa: Host Range and Advance in Molecular Identification Techniques by Paolo Baldi, Nicola La Porta, Nicola La Porta

“…Till the last years, most of the diseases caused by X. fastidiosa have been reported from North and South America, but recently a widespread infection of olive quick decline syndrome caused by this fastidious pathogen appeared in Apulia (south-eastern Italy), and several cases of X. fastidiosa infection have been reported in other European Countries. …”
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Centipede grass exerts anti-adipogenic activity through inhibition of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and PPARγ expression and the AKT signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Park Hyoung Joon, Chung Byung Yeoup, Lee Min-Kwon, Song Yuno, Lee Seung Sik, Chu Gyo Moon, Kang Suk-Nam, Song Young Min, Kim Gon-Sup, Cho Jae-Hyeon

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Centipede grass (CG) originates from China and South America and is reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic constituents, including maysin and luteolin derivatives. …”
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Expression of Hsp70, Igf1, and Three Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Response to Handling and Salt Treatment at Different Water Temperatures in Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens by Nour Eissa, Nour Eissa, Han-Ping Wang, Hong Yao, Zhi-Gang Shen, Adel A. Shaheen, Elsayed N. Abou-ElGheit

“…The goal was to analyze the expression of stress-related biomarkers in response to different stressors in yellow perch, which is an important aquaculture candidate in North America and highly sensitive to handling in captivity. …”
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Use of a Novel Detection Tool to Survey Orthohantaviruses in Wild-Caught Rodent Populations by Samuel M. Goodfellow, Robert A. Nofchissey, Chunyan Ye, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Joseph A. Cook, Steven B. Bradfute

“…Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New World orthohantaviruses are found in North, Central, and South America, causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). …”
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Vector Competence of Florida <i>Culicoides insignis</i> (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype-2 by Bethany L. McGregor, Dinesh Erram, Barry W. Alto, John A. Lednicky, Samantha M. Wisely, Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena

“…Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV; family <i>Reoviridae</i>, genus <i>Orbivirus</i>) is an arthropod-borne virus of ungulates, primarily white-tailed deer in North America. <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>, the only confirmed North American vector of EHDV, is rarely collected from Florida despite annual virus outbreaks. …”
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Case report: microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection, Colombia by Salim Mattar, Carolina Ojeda, Janna Arboleda, German Arrieta, Irene Bosch, Ingrid Botia, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Carlos Perez-Yepes, Lee Gerhke, German Montero

“…Abstract Background Recently there has been a large outbreak of Zika virus infections in Colombia, South America. The epidemic began in September 2015 and continued to April 2017, for the total number of Zika cases reported of 107,870. …”
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Insight into Population Structure and Evolutionary Analysis of the Emerging Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus by Ali Çelik, Sevgi Coşkan, Ali Ferhan Morca, Adyatma Irawan Santosa, Davoud Koolivand

“…Six tomatoes and one pepper sample (3.6%) tested positive for tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV, genus <i>Tobamovirus</i>) infection by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. ToBRFV-positive tomato and pepper plants were removed from greenhouses as soon as possible, and the greenhouses and tools were disinfected completely. …”
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Molecular surveillance of arboviruses in Nigeria by Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu, Kabiru Olusegun Akinyemi, Oshilonyah Henry Uzor, Rosemary Ajuma Audu, Akeeb Bola Oriowo Oyefolu

“…From the outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas, the endemicity of Yellow fever in West Africa and South America, outbreaks of West Nile virus in South Africa to the year-round and national risk of Dengue fever in Mainland China and India. …”
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Bovipain-2, the falcipain-2 ortholog, is expressed in intraerythrocytic stages of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite <it>Babesia bovis</it> by Schnittger Leonhard, Suarez Carlos E, Mosqueda Juan J, Dominguez Mariana, Echaide Ignacio, Mesplet María, Florin-Christensen Monica

“…It has orthologs in several other apicomplexans, and its predicted amino acid sequence shows a high degree of conservation among several <it>B. bovis </it>isolates from North and South America. Synteny studies demonstrated that the <it>bovipain-2 </it>gene has expanded in the genomes of two related piroplasmids, <it>Theileria parva </it>and <it>T. annulata</it>, into families of 6 and 7 clustered genes respectively. …”
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The transcriptome analysis of early morphogenesis in <it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>mycelium reveals novel and induced genes potentially associated to the dimorphic process by Pereira Maristela, Martins Wellington S, Fiúza Rogério B, Felipe Maria SS, Silva Mirelle G, Faria Fabricia P, Borges Clayton L, Bailão Alexandre M, Bastos Karinne P, Soares Célia MA

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>is a human pathogen with a broad distribution in Latin America. The fungus is thermally dimorphic with two distinct forms corresponding to completely different lifestyles. …”
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Characterization of the Non-Structural Gene of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in Iran by Zahra Asadollahi, Farida Behzadian, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Behrokh Farahmand, Samaneh Kouhestani

“…Materials and methods: Influenza A positive specimens with high viral load were selected for virus amplification on MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells to obtain sufficient viral RNA for RT-PCR. The NS segments were amplified and sequenced from randomly selected samples. …”
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Case report: microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection, Colombia by Mattar, Salim, Ojeda, Carolina, Arboleda, Janna, Arrieta, German, Bosch, Irene, Botia, Ingrid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Perez-Yepes, Carlos, Gerhke, Lee, Montero, German

“…Background Recently there has been a large outbreak of Zika virus infections in Colombia, South America. The epidemic began in September 2015 and continued to April 2017, for the total number of Zika cases reported of 107,870. …”
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