Watson-crick petri net and place-labelled petri net controlled grammar using formal language theory by Mohamad Jan, Nurhidaya

“…formal language theory is a branch of applied discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. a watson-crick automaton is an automaton that works on tapes which are double-stranded sequences of symbols related by watson-crick complementarity that are similar to the dna molecules. a petri net is a model of information flow in systems that provides a useful mathematical formalism for modelling concurrent systems. in this thesis, the relation between watson-crick automata and petri nets is investigated to consider the massive parallelism in watson- crick automata. thus, a new concept called watson-crick petri net is introduced. besides that, the structural properties of watson-crick petri net are found, namely a single start place, a run place and the stop transition. also, the generative power of watson-crick petri net is determined. besides using watson-crick complementarity in petri nets, a context-free grammar is also considered in this research. a petri net controlled grammar is a type of a context-free grammar equipped with petri nets, where the successful derivation of the grammar can be simulated by the sequence of occurrences of the net. the production rules of a grammar, for all variants of petri net controlled grammars that have been introduced, are associated only with transitions of a petri net. therefore, a place-labelled petri net controlled grammar is introduced in this research. the place labelling enables the parallel application of production rules in petri net controlled grammars to be considered. the effects of labelling strategies and the set of final markings, along with lower and upper bounds are chosen in order to increase the generative power of place-labelled petri net controlled grammar. besides that, the structural properties and structural subclass of place-labelled petri net controlled grammar are also found in this thesis.…”
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Model-based 3d gait biometric using quadruple fusion classifier by Razali, Nor Shahidayah

“…Current gait analysis approach can be divided into model-free and model-based approach. The gait data extracted for identification process may be influenced by ambient noise conditions, occlusion, changes in backgrounds and illumination when model-free 2D silhouette data is considered. …”
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Candida rugosa lipase imobilization on modified mesoporous kit-6 from rice husk as biocatalyst in esterification for butyl butyrate by Golbaha, Noorulsyahidaini

“…The kinetic studies revealed that Km of immobilized CRL was higher than that of free CRL, implying a high affinity towards the substrate. …”
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Adaptive optical feedforward linearization of optical transceiver for radio over fiber communication link by Neo, Yun Sheng

“…RoF systems are analog systems where noise figure and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) are important parameters in an RoF link. …”
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Carbon cryogel production from lignin, ionic liquid and liquefied oil palm frond as catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid by Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad

“…Commercial lignin was reacted with furfural via sol-gel poly-condensation reaction at 90 °C for 30 min and the gel was freeze-dried and finally carbonized or calcined to produce carbon cryogel. …”
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Generalized power-law model of magnetohydrodynamic blood flow in an inclined stenosed artery with body acceleration by Saeed, Ahmed Bakheet

“…Specifically, for a stenosis with 48% occlusion, separation is seen to occur for Newtonian fluids at Re = 1000 and this region can be seen to increase in the case of shear thickening fluids, while the shear-thinning fluid is shown to be free of separation region. Moreover, blood velocity, wall shear stress and pressure drop decrease with increase n, while heat and mass transfer increase. …”
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Integration of shape memory alloy for microactuation by Abuzaiter, Alaa A. H.

“…In the area of microactuators in particular, fabricated devices suffer from low degrees of freedom (DoF), complex fabrication processes, larger sizes and limited displacement range. …”
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Application of artificial neural network to classify fuel octane number using essential engine operating parameters by Ghanaati, Ali

“…The in-cylinder pressure analysis illustrated the knock-free, light-knock and heavy-knock regions for all engine operating points. …”
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Enzymatic esterification of eugenol and benzoic acid by a novel chitosan-chitin nanowhiskers supported Rhizomucor miehei lipase: Process optimization and kinetic assessments by Manan, F. M. A., Attan, N., Zakaria, Z., Keyon, A. S. A., Wahab, R. A.

“…RML-CS/CNWs were reusable up to 8 esterification cycles and showed higher thermal stability than free RML.…”
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Bathymetry estimation from satellite geodetic missions using gravity geologic method by Tugi, Astina

“…Gravsoft software was utilised in the derivation of free air gravity anomaly (FAGA), using Fast Fourier Transform technique. …”
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Computer supported collaborative writing: does it work among ESL learners? by Che Ithnin, Nur Hazirah, Mohamad Fikray, Farhanah, Abdul Razak, Noor Zainab

“…For pre-test and post-test, the website selected as a platform was ZOHO Wiki which is a free user friendly online server designed for collaborative writing. …”

Keusahawanan dakwah berdasarkan kisah anbiya dalam al-Quran by Ripin, Mohd. Nasir, Mohd. Yusoff, Zulkifli

“…Many assume that human is free to do entrepreneurial activity for profit. Islam sees entrepreneurship as part of religious teachings to meet human needs that must be practiced based on moral values. …”

Simulation of backstepping-based nonlinear control for quadrotor helicopter by Mohd. Basri, Mohd. Ariffanan, Zainal Abidin, Mohamad Shukri, Mohd. Subha, Nurul Adilla

“…Through simulation test by using the dynamic model of a four degree of freedom quadrotor helicopter, the proposed approach can effectively perform stabilization and trajectory tracking. …”

Utilization of wastewater for corrosion prevention of carbon steel pipe using single chamber microbial fuel cells by Suhaili, Mohamad Zulhilmi, Samsudin, Mohd. Dinie Muhaimin

“…Wastewater such as POME and estuary water is stored in a freezer at the temperature below 4oC. Meanwhile goat’s feces is soak in distill water for 24 hours before it is place in a freezer. …”
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Neural network in corner detection of vertex chain code series by Subri, S. H., Haron, Habibollah, Sallehuddin, R.

“…The classifier directly uses chain code which is derived using Freeman chain code as training, testing and validation set. …”
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Synthesis of zinc oxide supported on titanium dioxide for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by Abd. Jalil, Aishah, Triwahyono, Sugeng, Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana

“…Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) has received much attention due to low energy consumption and high efficiency, as well as simple and pollution-free operation. In this study, zinc oxide supported on titanium dioxide (ZnO/TiO2) catalysts were prepared via a simple electrochemical method. …”

Biohydrogen production from pineapple biomass residue using immobilized co-culture of clostridium sporogenes and enterobacter aerogenes by Asli, Umi Aisah, Ahmad, Arshad, Abd. Jalil, Aishah, Hashim, Haslenda, Khamis, Aidee Kamal, Abd. Jalil, Nur Kamilah

“…The performance of both immobilized loofah and AC sponge was compared with free cell (FC) co-culture in terms of biohydrogen cumulative production and production rate within 48 hr fermentation time. …”

The overview for implementing work from home (WFH) in Malaysia higher education institution (HEI) context by Abdul Rahman, Azizah, Aiahad, Noorminshah, Mohd. Rahim, Noor Irliana

“…Work nowadays can be categorized as “unbounded activity” environment and freely conducted at anywhere and anytime. In Malaysia as a developing country, WFH approach is not being implemented widely but there are limited group who has implement WFH unofficially after having an agreement from organization. …”

Mobile application for e-health services in Malaysian public hospital by Ya'Acob, Suraya, Nik Alwi, Nik Nur Ayuni

“…This flexibility is partly depending on the ability of the industry to evolve freely.…”

Environmental-amiable pulsed laser ablation in liquid mediated growth of silver/cinammon nanocomposites:absorption attributes by Bakhtiar, Hazri, Al-Shammari, Ali Aqeel Salim, Bidin, Noriah, Ghoshal, Sib Krishna

“…These Ag-CNPs were grown via green (chemical-free environment) pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique using ethanol as liquid medium at optimum laser fluence. …”