Secure MDM-OFDM-Ro-FSO system using HG modes by Amphawan, Angela, Chaudhary, Sushank, B. Gupta, Brij

“…Radio-over-free-space-optics (Ro-FSO) is a promising technique to distribute radio frequency (RF) signals over the atmosphere using optical carriers.In this work, we designed a 60Gbps-120GHz OFDM-Ro-FSO transmission system in conjunction with mode division multiplexing.Three independent 40 GHz radio signal are optically modulated at 20 Gbps and transported over a secure free-space link of 50 km by mode division multiplexing of three Hermite-Guassian modes HG 00, HG 01 and HG 02.…”
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Adolescent pregnancy: Factors and solution in Islamic perspective by Jamaluddin, Zakiyah, Abu Bakar, Md Zawawi, Wan Abdullah, Wan Abd Rahman Khudzri

“…The results showed that family problems, poverty, divorce and excessive freedom are factors contributing to adolescent pregnancy and abortion. …”
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Graph coloring heuristics for solving examination timetabling problem at Universiti Utara Malaysia by Abdul Rahman, Syariza, Sobri, Nur Suriani, Omar, Mohd Faizal, Benjamin, Aida Mauziah, Ramli, Razamin

“…This dataset differs from the others reported in the literature with respect to its size, complexity and constraints.Until recently, examination timetabling in UUM is done manually with a little guidance from spreadsheet computer software for checking clashes.The propriety system is unable to do the examination timetabling automatically.Besides, the introduced datasets also consider a new constraint that has never been modeled before in timetabling literature, which is lecturer’s preference.Moreover, splitting examination across several rooms and a number of hard constraints such as no mixed duration of examination within individual periods, clashes free schedule and room capacity requirement are also need to be adhered.These constraints provide an additional challenge in solving the examination timetabling problem, mainly at UUM.In this paper, graph coloring heuristics are employed to schedule examinations at each step during timetable construction. …”

The influence of shari’ah-compliant e-commerce models on consumer trust by I.A, Muhammad Kholifatul, Yunizar, , Harsanto, Budi

“…Objects and prices in the transaction, and 4. Free from major prohibitions in transactions, namely (i) interest (riba), (i) gambling (maysir), (iii) uncertainty (gharar), (iv) coercion (ikrah) and (v) the prohibition (haram in nature).The sample in this study is Indonesian citizen who are consumers of e commerce.The number of sample used in this study is 90 respondents.This research uses descriptive and statistical methods with multiple linear regression model.This model is considered relevant and good to be studied in order to enlighten how e commerce is currently in the perspective of Islam.…”
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Corruption and Nigerian political economy by Mikail, Ibrahim Kawuley

“…The book serves as a guide to researchers on the subject matter and the freedom fighters with their anti-corruption crusade or mandates so as to proffer solutions to corrupt practices and scandals in Nigeria and beyond.…”

Nvivo approach and content analysis in media flow analysis and alternative selected prime: Permatang Pauh by-election by Hamzah, Mohd Hilmi, Yusof, Norhafezah, Kasim, Azahar, Ngah, Kamarudin, Mustaffa, Jamaludin, Zakaria, Zaherawati

“…The findings based on Agenda Setting Theory indicates that the company shareholders and the newspaper editors had a heavy influence on the news reporting made by the four newspapers studied.In future research, the four newspapers should be free while reporting in order to have useful issues deliver to the public.They must have the proper rules and policy to ensure the transparency and adequate information will disperse accordingly.…”
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The relationship of entrepreneurial values, firm financing and the management and growth performance of small-medium enterprises in Cambodia by Mohd Shariff, Mohd Noor, Peou, Chea

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Towards self-resource discovery and selection models in grid computing by Alzboon, M. S., Ariffin, Ahmad Shabudin, Mahmuddin, Massudi

“…Fundamentally, SRDM employs the spatial index and partitions the overlay space to build a distributed quad tree; each computational resource in the network can calculate its Nodepower.Next, it encodes the information about each node’s available computational resources power in the structure of the links connecting the nodes in the network.This distributed encoding is self-organized, with each node managing its in-degree and local connectivity via its available Nodepower.Assignment of incoming jobs to nodes with the freest resources is also accomplished by sampling it.…”
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Indian women in the age of globalization: Problems & possibilities by Ojha, Pankaj Kumar

“…It has brought great benefits, but arguably, it has also led to a greater sense of economic insecurity for some people and fueled anti-globalization sentiments in many activities, technology matters and technological capability has spread.Now-a-days women in India are getting freedom of working, freedom of having education and freedom from social superstitions.This happens only due to globalization. …”
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Islamic leadership and maqasid al-shari'ah: Reinvestigating the dimensions of Islamic leadership inventroy (ILI) via content analysis procedures by A. M., Mahazan, S., Nurhafizah, A., Rozita, H., Siti Aishah, W. R., Wan Mohd. Fazrul Azdi, G., Mohd. Rumaizuddin, A., Yuseri, A. R., Mohd. Rosmizi, H., Muhammad, I. R., Mohd. Azhar, Abdul Ghani, Abdullah, K., Muhammad Yusuf, M. N., Khairunneezam

“…Based on the content analysis, this research found 25 separate themes representing Islamic Leadership Behaviours.The 25 themes are (1) Trustworthiness and Integrity, (2) Employees Orientation, (3) Self-evaluation, (4) Patience, (5) Outcome Orientation, (6) Empowerment, (7) Social Responsibility (8) Flexibility (9) Non Calculative, (10) Spirituality, Religiousness and Piety, (11) Esprit De Corps, (12) Bravery, (13) Justice and Equity, (14) High Self-Reliance and High SelfEsteem, (15) Modesty and Shyness, (16) Impartially, (17) Moderation and Balance, (18) Good in Communication, (19) Free from environmental-constrains, (20) Earnest, (21) Cheerful, (22) Feared when angry, (23) Empowering Intelligent, Wisdom and Encourage Synergy, (24) Role Model, and (25) Avoid Conflict.The themes suggested could be used to measure Islamic Leadership in various perspectives.In general, this paper offers policymakers, organisations, and researchers in various avenues the important dimensions of Islamic Leadership.Specifically, the Islamic Leadership Inventory (ILI) could be utilised to measure the effectiveness of Muslims’ professionals based on the perspectives of Islam and the higher objectives of Shari’ah.In sum, this paper found that Islamic Leadership could be represented in several dimensions and could be adapted in the conventional measures of managerial leadership.…”
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The process of democratization during Najib Razak’s time by Mohd. Zain, Zawiyah, Yusoff, Mohammad Agus

“…Face-to-face non-structured interview method is used whereby informants may respond without limitations, while focus is still on the research issue.The result shows that: first, the democratization process during Najib Razak‟s premiership is positive when the government started to open up the democratic space.Some of the outcomes are improvement in general election process, more freedom for public expression with the repeal of the Internal Security Act 1960 (ISA), introduction of the Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 and amendments to the Universities and University Colleges Act 1971.Second, the government has accommodated the democratization process due to demands from pro-democracy groups for improvements in terms of politics, general elections, justice and freedom of expression. …”
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Islamic bond and the wealth effects: Evidence from Malaysia by Ibrahim, Yusnidah

“…Five variables suggested by the capital structure literature, namely firms size (SIZE), issue size (AMT), leverage (LEV), free cash flows (FCF) and investment opportunity (Te) together with two new variables, the syariah compliant status (SYAR) and the Security Commission's (SC) approval (APPROVAL) were modeled as potential explanatory variables of the wealth effects.The analysis conclude that the wealth effect of lslamic bond issuance announcements is positively influenced by the issuer S investment opportunity and negatively influenced by the issue size, ,firm size and whether the announcement is accompanied by the SC approval. …”
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Adaptive solutions build resilience by Ismail, Mohd Muzzammil

“…AS we know, Malaysia is geographically considered a "disaster-free" region in Southeast Asia compared with our neighbours.However, Malaysia is affected by flooding, landslides, haze and other manmade disasters.…”
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Dilemma in decision making at pre-construction phase - A state of art review by Nasir, Najuwa, Mohd Nawi, Mohd Nasrun, Tapa, Afiruddin

“…This paper contribute towards an overview of activities involved at pre-construction phase and illustrates the extent to which the importance of making the right decision by taking into account all the factors to ensure project progress become smooth and free of delay phenomena in construction. However, there are still some issues of dilemma in decision making at pre-construction phases contribute a big impact towards time completion of project.The focus of this study is to review the concept of pre-construction phase and current issue in decision making for every phase during pre-construction.A number of issues through particular phases in pre-construction causing dilemma among stakeholders are found by previous study. …”

Lean manufacturing practices in Indonesian manufacturing firms by Nawanir, Gusman, Lim, Kong Teong, Othman, Siti Norezam

“…Research limitations/implications Although this study is free from the common method bias as an implication of self-reporting by single respondent from one company, future researchers should consider of collecting data from multiple individuals in one company. …”
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A study on the awareness level of reverse logistic in pharmaceutical goods at medical centre: The case of Universiti Utara Malaysia by Subramaniam, Pirasanth, Azmi, Nur Najla Akma, Ibrahim, Siti Asiah, A. Jalil, Emy Ezura

“…The data are collected using a structured closed questionnaire administrated to different consumers sampled on convenience basis according to the current students who studying.Data are analyzed using descriptive and two independent sample t-test.The outcomes of this study are expected to help consumers about the awareness of reverse logistic in pharmaceutical and it could provide a safer, medicine-free domestic environment and help lead a more effective prescribing, thereby generating cost saving.…”
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The learning styles and academic achievements among arts and science streams student by Khalid, Rozalina, Mokhtar, Ahmad Azman, Omar Fauzee, Mohd Sofian, Kasim, Abd Latif, Don, Yahya, Abdussyukur, Nurul Fatni, Ponajan, Fatin Azreen, Mahyuddin, Ahmad, Ghazali, Siti Nor Baya, Rosli, Mohd Hafiz, Soh, Kim Geok

“…To measure learning styles, six dimensions from the GRLSS (Grasha-Riechmann Learning Styles Scale) that are free style, avoidance, cooperation, dependent, competition, and participation will be used as the factors. a total of 100 responses were collected through the questionnaire distributed and received one at random which represent 100% response.The data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.19. the data was analysed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. …”
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The coping strategies among student-athletes who have to let go their academic goal by Omar Fauzee, Mohd Sofian, Don, Yahya, Daud, Yaakob, Yaakub, Muhamadul Bakir, Sutresna, Nina, Abdullah, Nagoor Meera

“…The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the coping strategy and level of representations of student-athletes at university level.More specifically, it also investigates the relationship of high school level of sport representations and university level of sport representation.A sample of 307 (female-213; male-94) university students-athletes in one of the public university in Malaysia were randomly selected for this study.The age of the student athletes (M=22.09, sd=1.35 Out of the number, 210 represented college dormitory, 51 represented university at National level, and 46 represented state at national level, and 6 representing Nation at International level.The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory – 28 was used to measure the psychological coping skills for athletes.The instrument consisted of a 28-item scale measuring seven classes of sport-specific psychological coping skills including confidence, goal setting, coping with adversity, freedom from worry, coach ability, concentration, peaking under pressure, and goal setting.Results shows that all of the seven coping strategies were significantly correlated with the four level of university representations.The major findings found that a high correlation between the goal setting and confidence level of the athletes.Another findings also found that the goal setting and confidence level also moderately correlated with coping with adversity. …”
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The implications of cold war on Malaysia state building process by Shuib, Md. Shukri, Keling, Mohamad Faisol, Ajis, Mohd Na'eim

“…Based on the domino theory, the ups and downs of particular country in terms of its, strong ideology, brings about network impacts to each country in the world. Thus, a freedom of Malaya and the establishment of Malaysia came from the history of Cold War which influenced the international scene. …”
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Ethnic diversity and share repurchases policy by Abdul Latif, Rohaida

“…Second, we find that a large number of directors on the board can significantly reduce the tendency of managerial opportunistic behaviour.Finally, having independent directors alone does not guarantee companies are free from unwarranted opportunistic behaviours.Therefore, the study provides early evidence of the efficacy of recent Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012 which recommended diverse balance of board members to ensure proper monitoring role and curbing the likelihood of unwarranted managerial opportunistic behaviour by unduly controlling owners.…”
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