A Structural Analysis of Loyalty in Professional Baseball: by Erika Tanaka

“…A Japanese professional baseball team, Hiroshima Toyo Carp, has been successful in establishing strong customer loyalty and profitability for 45 years independently without a parent company. …”
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Pitching Emotions: The Interpersonal Effects of Emotions in Professional Baseball by Arik eCheshin, Arik eCheshin, Marc W. Heerdink, Jolanda J Kossakowski, Gerben A. Van Kleef

“…We examined the interpersonal effects of emotional expressions in professional baseball. Specifically, we investigated whether pitchers' facial displays influence how pitches are assessed and responded to. …”
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Evaluation of flexor digitorum superficialis function in adolescent baseball players by Hiroyoshi Masuma, PT, Tomonori Kenmoku, MD, PhD, Kazuo Saito, OT, Masashi Kawabata, PT, Hiroyuki Watanabe, PT, Kazumasa Miida, PT, Kenji Onuma, MD, PhD, Koji Sukegawa, MD, PhD, Ryo Tazawa, MD, PhD, Yuya Otake, MD, Masashi Takaso, MD, PhD

“…Hypothesis and/or Background: Increased flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon activity can be a therapeutic target for elbow disorders in adolescent baseball players. The proportion of adolescent baseball players who can use FDS independently is unknown, and which finger is most often used remains unclear. …”
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Manifestations of muscle fatigue in baseball pitchers: a systematic review by Richard Birfer, Michael WL Sonne, Michael WR Holmes

“…Background Fatigue in baseball pitchers is a process linked to lowered physical and mental performance, injury, and changes in kinematics. …”
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Impact Position Estimation for Baseball Batting with a Force-Irrelevant Vibration Feature by Wei-Han Chen, Yang-Chih Feng, Ming-Chia Yeh, Hsi-Pin Ma, Chiang Liu, Cheng-Wen Wu

“…In this work we propose a novel method for impact position estimation during baseball batting, which is independent of impact intensity, i.e., force-irrelevant. …”
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Identifying the underlying mechanisms responsible for glenohumeral internal rotation in professional baseball pitchers by Ryan W. Paul, BS, CSCS, Brandon J. Erickson, MD, Steven B. Cohen, MD, Michael G. Ciccotti, MD, Michael Hefta, MS, ATC, Paul Buchheit, MS, ATC, Joseph Rauch, DPT, ATC, Shawn Fcasni, MS, ATC, Alex Plum, DPT, Aaron Hoback, ATC, Stephen J. Thomas, PhD, ATC

“…Humeral retroversion (HR), posterior capsule thickness (PCT), and posterior rotator cuff muscle pennation angle (PA) have been independently associated with internal rotation range of motion (IR ROM); however, these anatomic structures have not been collectively measured in baseball pitchers to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for IR ROM. …”
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Reciprocal inhibition improves posterior shoulder tightness and shoulder range of motion in youth baseball players by Tsuyoshi Ichinose, MD, PhD, Hitoshi Shitara, MD, PhD, Tsuyoshi Tajika, MD, PhD, Takuro Kuboi, MD, Daisuke Shimoyama, MD, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, MD, PhD, Noritaka Hamano, MD, PhD, Masataka Kamiyama, MD, Atsushi Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Tsutomu Kobayashi, MD, PhD, Kenji Takagishi, MD, PhD, Hirotaka Chikuda, MD, PhD

“…Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of reciprocal inhibition for posterior shoulder tightness (PST), internal rotation at 90° abduction (ABIR) limitation, and subacromial impingement in elementary and junior high school baseball players. Methods: The present study included 290 elementary school and junior high school baseball players who were members of an organized baseball team and attended a medical checkup in 2014. …”
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Baseball Suture versus Traditional Suture in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Tong Jiang, Xiuzhen Xue

“…The aim of this study, using meta-analysis method, is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of baseball suture comparing with traditional one, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of surgical suture methods. …”
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The Effects of a J-Band Warm-up on Muscle Activity of Colligate Baseball Players during Pitching by Tyler Giesige, Sarah Martinez-Sepanski, Kelton Mehls

“…Background: Baseball pitchers experience a high rate of injury to the elbow joint which may be prevented through proper warm-up techniques. …”
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Ankle dorsiflexion deficit in the back leg is a risk factor for shoulder and elbow injuries in young baseball players by Hitoshi Shitara, Tsuyoshi Tajika, Takuro Kuboi, Tsuyoshi Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, Noritaka Hamano, Takafumi Endo, Masataka Kamiyama, Akira Honda, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Kurumi Nakase, Atsushi Yamamoto, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Kenji Takagishi, Hirotaka Chikuda

“…We hypothesized that limited ankle joint range of motion (ROM) was related to risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in young baseball players. This 12-month prospective cohort study evaluated the age, height, weight, playing position, shoulder, elbow, and ankle function of 228 enrolled baseball players. …”
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An analysis of pre-season risk factors for low back injury in high-school baseball pitchers: a prospective study by Kurumi Nakase, Hitoshi Shitara, Tsuyoshi Tajika, Takuro Kuboi, Tsuyoshi Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, Noritaka Hamano, Fumitaka Endo, Masataka Kamiyama, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Atsushi Yamamoto, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Kenji Takagishi, Hirotaka Chikuda

“…A logistic regression analysis showed that horizontal adduction on the dominant side was a significant independent risk factor for low back injury during the season. …”
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Catch the Pitch of 5G FWA: EMF and Throughput Measurements of 3.5-GHz Standalone Deployment in a Baseball Stadium by Luca Chiaraviglio, Chiara Lodovisi, Daniele Franci, Settimio Pavoncello, Stefano Coltellacci, Marco Donald Migliore, Timothy Cicciarelli, Luigi Basset, Leonardo Spugnini, Tommaso Aureli, Mohamed-Slim Alouini

“…Results from real measurements taken at a baseball stadium show that 5G FWA exposure is consistently low, typically below 0.4 [V/m], with an upper bound of 0.59 [V/m], while the achieved throughput is up to 250 [Mbps]. …”
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The Upward Mobility Potential in U.S. Intercollegiate Athletics: A Critical Examination of NCAA Division I College Baseball Players’ Hometown Demographics by Kirsten Hextrum, Jeremy Kim

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Precise timing when hitting falling balls by Eli eBrenner, Ben eDriesen, Jeroen B.J. Smeets

“…People are extremely good at hitting falling balls with a baseball bat. Despite the ball’s constant acceleration, they have been reported to time hits with a standard deviation of only about 7ms. …”
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Quantitative and qualitative disparities exist between baseball and softball peer-reviewed pitching-related literature: a systematic review from 1990 to 2020 by Gabrielle Gilmer, BChE, Albert Lin, MD, Michael Shannon, BS, Asher Mirvish, BA, Nicholas Aloi, BS, Forrest Shooster, BS, Justin J. Greiner, MD

“…Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify original research articles related to baseball and softball from 1990 to 2020. Articles pertaining to pitching were identified via literature searches of PubMed, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and further screened by two independent reviewers. …”
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Relationship between psychological variables and sports injuries in baseball pitchers/Relación entre variables psicológicas y lesiones deportivas en lanzadores de béisbol by Jesús Ríos Garit, Yanet Pérez Surita, Mercedes María de Armas Paredes, Leonardo Rodríguez Méndez

“…A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study was carried out to determine the relationship between psychological variables and injuries in 34 baseball pitchers of different competitive levels. …”
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Fastball pitching performance only slightly decreases after mobility impediment of the pelvis and trunk—Do (catch-up) compensation strategies come into play? by A. J. R. Leenen, Bart van Trigt, M. J. M. Hoozemans, H. E. J. Veeger

“…BackgroundBaseball pitching performance can be mechanically explained by the summation of speed principle and the principle of optimal coordination of partial momenta. …”
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Effect of augmented feedback on shooting performance among netball players / Nurul Aisyah Mohamad by Mohamad, Nurul Aisyah

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Differences in Anatomic Adaptation and Injury Patterns Related to Valgus Extension Overload in Overhead Throwing Athletes by Kathryn J. Stevens, Akshay S. Chaudhari, Karin J. Kuhn

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Shear wave elastography of the ulnar collateral ligament in division IA pitchers across a competitive collegiate season by Nakul Gupta, MD, Ross E. Taylor, MD, Bradley Lambert, PhD, David Dong, BS, Paul Phillips, MD, Robert A. Jack, II, MD, Haley M. Goble, MHA, John S. Labis, MD, Michael A. Trakhtenbroit, MD, Patrick C. McCulloch, MD

“…Methods: Seventeen collegiate baseball pitchers and 11 sex-matched volunteers were recruited. …”
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