The development and assessment of modified fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale among Malaysian single electronic cigarette users

The development and assessment of modified fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale among Malaysian single electronic cigarette users

Background: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). Objective: The aim of this study wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aziz Ur, Rahman, Mohamad Haniki, Nik Mohamed, Shazia, Jamshed, Mahmood, Syed, Muhammad Ahsan, Iftikhar Baig
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2020
Subjects:
RC Internal medicine
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31013/1/The%20development%20and%20assessment%20of%20modified%20fagerstrom%20test%20.pdf

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http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31013/1/The%20development%20and%20assessment%20of%20modified%20fagerstrom%20test%20.pdf

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