Physical properties of new formulation of hybrid nanofluid-based Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) from modified jatropha oil as metalworking fluid
As a metalworking fluid, vegetable-based crude jatropha oil (CJO) was used in place of petroleum-based oil. The use of petroleum-oil-based metalworking fluids poses significant environmental and health concerns. Furthermore, it has a large amount of free fatty acid (FFA), promoting physical damage....
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Semarak Ilmu Publishing
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/40634/1/Physical%20properties%20of%20new%20formulation%20of%20hybrid%20nanofluid.pdf |