Levels of Circulating Ketone Bodies in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Ketone bodies (KBs) are energy-efficient substrates utilized by the heart depending on its metabolic demand and substrate availability. Levels of circulating KBs have been shown to be elevated in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease and are associated with severity of disease in patients with he...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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Series: | Cells |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/4/294 |