Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial “pseudo-persistent” in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary. CIP interactions with other pharmaceuticals are not well known....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Toxicology Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750021000378 |
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| author | Vinicius Diniz Gabriela Rath Susanne Rath Caio Rodrigues-Silva José R. Guimarães Davi G.F. Cunha |
| author_facet | Vinicius Diniz Gabriela Rath Susanne Rath Caio Rodrigues-Silva José R. Guimarães Davi G.F. Cunha |
| author_sort | Vinicius Diniz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial “pseudo-persistent” in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary. CIP interactions with other pharmaceuticals are not well known. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of CIP alone and combined with caffeine (CAF), using the modified Gompertz model parameters and the chlorophyll-a production of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata as endpoints, throughout a 16-day exposure assay. The exposure to CIP alone led to significant reductions of the growth rate and the cell density of the microalgae compared to control groups. The combination with CAF lowered the adverse effects of CIP to R. subcapitata. However, as the toxicity is dynamic, our results indicated that the toxic effects in respect to the studied endpoints changed throughout the exposure period, reinforcing the need for longer-term ecotoxicity assessments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0019a8666776450b9e2501e6684e7c88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-7500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxicology Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0019a8666776450b9e2501e6684e7c882022-12-21T17:44:43ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002021-01-018429435Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitataVinicius Diniz0Gabriela Rath1Susanne Rath2Caio Rodrigues-Silva3José R. Guimarães4Davi G.F. Cunha5Department of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Corresponding authors at: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilDepartment of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilDepartment of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Corresponding authors at: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial “pseudo-persistent” in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary. CIP interactions with other pharmaceuticals are not well known. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of CIP alone and combined with caffeine (CAF), using the modified Gompertz model parameters and the chlorophyll-a production of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata as endpoints, throughout a 16-day exposure assay. The exposure to CIP alone led to significant reductions of the growth rate and the cell density of the microalgae compared to control groups. The combination with CAF lowered the adverse effects of CIP to R. subcapitata. However, as the toxicity is dynamic, our results indicated that the toxic effects in respect to the studied endpoints changed throughout the exposure period, reinforcing the need for longer-term ecotoxicity assessments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750021000378CiprofloxacinChlorophyceaeEcotoxicological assaysEffect concentrationEndpointsExposure time |
| spellingShingle | Vinicius Diniz Gabriela Rath Susanne Rath Caio Rodrigues-Silva José R. Guimarães Davi G.F. Cunha Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata Toxicology Reports Ciprofloxacin Chlorophyceae Ecotoxicological assays Effect concentration Endpoints Exposure time |
| title | Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata |
| title_full | Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata |
| title_fullStr | Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata |
| title_short | Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata |
| title_sort | long term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga raphidocelis subcapitata |
| topic | Ciprofloxacin Chlorophyceae Ecotoxicological assays Effect concentration Endpoints Exposure time |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750021000378 |
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