Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins
IntroductionLactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry as a starter. Lactococci have been found to produce altogether more than 40 different bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial proteins. All known Lactococcus spp. bacteriocins belong to classes I and II...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219723/full |
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| author | Timo M. Takala Samira Mokhtari Susanna L. Ahonen Susanna L. Ahonen Xing Wan Per E. J. Saris |
| author_facet | Timo M. Takala Samira Mokhtari Susanna L. Ahonen Susanna L. Ahonen Xing Wan Per E. J. Saris |
| author_sort | Timo M. Takala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionLactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry as a starter. Lactococci have been found to produce altogether more than 40 different bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial proteins. All known Lactococcus spp. bacteriocins belong to classes I and II, which are mainly heat-resistant peptides. No class III bacteriocins, bigger heat-sensitive proteins, including phage tail-like bacteriocins, have been found from the Lactococcus spp. Unlike phage tail-like bacteriocins, prophage lysins have not been regarded as bacteriocins, possibly because phage lysins contribute to autolysis, degrading the host's own cell wall.MethodsWild-type Lactococcus lactis strain LAC460, isolated from spontaneously fermented idli batter, was examined for its antimicrobial activity. We sequenced the genome, searched phage lysins from the culture supernatant, and created knock-out mutants to find out the source of the antimicrobial activity.Results and discussionThe strain LAC460 was shown to kill other Lactococcus strains with protease- and heat-sensitive lytic activity. Three phage lysins were identified in the culture supernatant. The genes encoding the three lysins were localized in different prophage regions in the chromosome. By knock-out mutants, two of the lysins, namely LysL and LysP, were demonstrated to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The strain LAC460 was found to be resistant to the lytic action of its own culture supernatant, and as a consequence, the phage lysins could behave like bacteriocins targeting and killing other closely related bacteria. Hence, similar to phage tail-like bacteriocins, phage lysin-like bacteriocins could be regarded as a novel type of class III bacteriocins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:38:19Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:38:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-010307048bf64814b3f00c53e4c7ea5a2023-07-15T03:02:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-07-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12197231219723Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysinsTimo M. Takala0Samira Mokhtari1Susanna L. Ahonen2Susanna L. Ahonen3Xing Wan4Per E. J. Saris5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandExpert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandIntroductionLactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry as a starter. Lactococci have been found to produce altogether more than 40 different bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial proteins. All known Lactococcus spp. bacteriocins belong to classes I and II, which are mainly heat-resistant peptides. No class III bacteriocins, bigger heat-sensitive proteins, including phage tail-like bacteriocins, have been found from the Lactococcus spp. Unlike phage tail-like bacteriocins, prophage lysins have not been regarded as bacteriocins, possibly because phage lysins contribute to autolysis, degrading the host's own cell wall.MethodsWild-type Lactococcus lactis strain LAC460, isolated from spontaneously fermented idli batter, was examined for its antimicrobial activity. We sequenced the genome, searched phage lysins from the culture supernatant, and created knock-out mutants to find out the source of the antimicrobial activity.Results and discussionThe strain LAC460 was shown to kill other Lactococcus strains with protease- and heat-sensitive lytic activity. Three phage lysins were identified in the culture supernatant. The genes encoding the three lysins were localized in different prophage regions in the chromosome. By knock-out mutants, two of the lysins, namely LysL and LysP, were demonstrated to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The strain LAC460 was found to be resistant to the lytic action of its own culture supernatant, and as a consequence, the phage lysins could behave like bacteriocins targeting and killing other closely related bacteria. Hence, similar to phage tail-like bacteriocins, phage lysin-like bacteriocins could be regarded as a novel type of class III bacteriocins.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219723/fullLactococcusprophageendolysinvirion-associated lysinbacteriocin |
| spellingShingle | Timo M. Takala Samira Mokhtari Susanna L. Ahonen Susanna L. Ahonen Xing Wan Per E. J. Saris Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins Frontiers in Microbiology Lactococcus prophage endolysin virion-associated lysin bacteriocin |
| title | Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins |
| title_full | Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins |
| title_fullStr | Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins |
| title_short | Wild-type Lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin-like prophage lysins |
| title_sort | wild type lactococcus lactis producing bacteriocin like prophage lysins |
| topic | Lactococcus prophage endolysin virion-associated lysin bacteriocin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219723/full |
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