New insights in the mechanisms of opioid analgesia and tolerance: Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide down-modulates vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the nervous system
Growing evidence suggests that opioid analgesics modulate angiogenesis during pathophysiological processes. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was recently proposed to be involved in pain development. To date, no anti-angiogenic drug is used for pain management. When administered in a bio...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2024-11-01
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Series: | Pharmacological Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661824004171 |