Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis
Abstract Central Nervous System inflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (Ransohoff, Science 353: 777–783, 2016; Kannarkat et al. J. Parkinsons Dis. 3: 493–514, 2013). Here, we examined if the H1N1 influenza virus (Studahl et al. Drugs 73: 131–158...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2017-05-01
|
| Series: | npj Parkinson's Disease |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-017-0019-z |
| _version_ | 1797428210853478400 |
|---|---|
| author | Shankar Sadasivan Bridgett Sharp Stacey Schultz-Cherry Richard Jay Smeyne |
| author_facet | Shankar Sadasivan Bridgett Sharp Stacey Schultz-Cherry Richard Jay Smeyne |
| author_sort | Shankar Sadasivan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Central Nervous System inflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (Ransohoff, Science 353: 777–783, 2016; Kannarkat et al. J. Parkinsons Dis. 3: 493–514, 2013). Here, we examined if the H1N1 influenza virus (Studahl et al. Drugs 73: 131–158, 2013) could synergize with the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (Jackson-Lewis et al. in Mark LeDoux (ed) Movement Disorders: Genetics and Models: 287–306, Elsevier, 2015) to induce a greater microglial activation and loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons than either insult alone. H1N1-infected animals administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exhibit a 20% greater loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons than occurs from the additive effects of H1N1 or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine alone (p < 0.001). No synergistic effects were found in microglial activation. The synergistic dopaminergic neuron loss is eliminated by influenza vaccination or treatment with oseltamivir carboxylate. This work shows that multiple insults can induce synergistic effects; and even these small changes can be significant as it might allow one to cross a phenotypic disease threshold that would not occur from individual non-interacting exposures. Our observations also have important implications for public health, providing impetus for influenza vaccination or prompt treatment with anti-viral medications upon influenza diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0369d5d90ad74a1cad2a21eccde46e28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2373-8057 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Parkinson's Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-0369d5d90ad74a1cad2a21eccde46e282023-12-02T13:09:15ZengNature Portfolionpj Parkinson's Disease2373-80572017-05-01311310.1038/s41531-017-0019-zSynergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesisShankar Sadasivan0Bridgett Sharp1Stacey Schultz-Cherry2Richard Jay Smeyne3Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalDepartment of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalAbstract Central Nervous System inflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (Ransohoff, Science 353: 777–783, 2016; Kannarkat et al. J. Parkinsons Dis. 3: 493–514, 2013). Here, we examined if the H1N1 influenza virus (Studahl et al. Drugs 73: 131–158, 2013) could synergize with the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (Jackson-Lewis et al. in Mark LeDoux (ed) Movement Disorders: Genetics and Models: 287–306, Elsevier, 2015) to induce a greater microglial activation and loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons than either insult alone. H1N1-infected animals administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exhibit a 20% greater loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons than occurs from the additive effects of H1N1 or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine alone (p < 0.001). No synergistic effects were found in microglial activation. The synergistic dopaminergic neuron loss is eliminated by influenza vaccination or treatment with oseltamivir carboxylate. This work shows that multiple insults can induce synergistic effects; and even these small changes can be significant as it might allow one to cross a phenotypic disease threshold that would not occur from individual non-interacting exposures. Our observations also have important implications for public health, providing impetus for influenza vaccination or prompt treatment with anti-viral medications upon influenza diagnosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-017-0019-z |
| spellingShingle | Shankar Sadasivan Bridgett Sharp Stacey Schultz-Cherry Richard Jay Smeyne Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis npj Parkinson's Disease |
| title | Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis |
| title_full | Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis |
| title_short | Synergistic effects of influenza and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics: experimental evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of influenza and 1 methyl 4 phenyl 1 2 3 6 tetrahydropyridine mptp can be eliminated by the use of influenza therapeutics experimental evidence for the multi hit hypothesis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-017-0019-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shankarsadasivan synergisticeffectsofinfluenzaand1methyl4phenyl1236tetrahydropyridinemptpcanbeeliminatedbytheuseofinfluenzatherapeuticsexperimentalevidenceforthemultihithypothesis AT bridgettsharp synergisticeffectsofinfluenzaand1methyl4phenyl1236tetrahydropyridinemptpcanbeeliminatedbytheuseofinfluenzatherapeuticsexperimentalevidenceforthemultihithypothesis AT staceyschultzcherry synergisticeffectsofinfluenzaand1methyl4phenyl1236tetrahydropyridinemptpcanbeeliminatedbytheuseofinfluenzatherapeuticsexperimentalevidenceforthemultihithypothesis AT richardjaysmeyne synergisticeffectsofinfluenzaand1methyl4phenyl1236tetrahydropyridinemptpcanbeeliminatedbytheuseofinfluenzatherapeuticsexperimentalevidenceforthemultihithypothesis |