Major Ion Toxicity to Glochidia of Common and Imperiled Freshwater Mussel Species

Freshwater mussel taxa are severely imperiled and among the most sensitive to several contaminants, including chloride. Relatively little is known of the toxicity of major ions to glochidia (larvae), particularly for rare species, or the effects of hardness on major ion toxicity to glochidia. Theref...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Robert B. Bringolf, Brenna K. Raines, Robert E. Ratajczak, David Lee Haskins
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-01-01
Series:Diversity
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/2/95