Sex Hormones as Key Modulators of the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Sex Hormones as Key Modulators of the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

Background: A variety of autoimmune diseases, including MS, amplify sex-based physiological differences in immunological responsiveness. Female MS patients experience pathophysiological changes during reproductive phases (pregnancy and menopause). Sex hormones can act on immune cells, potentially en...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Federica Murgia, Florianna Giagnoni, Lorena Lorefice, Paola Caria, Tinuccia Dettori, Maurizio N. D’Alterio, Stefano Angioni, Aran J. Hendren, Pierluigi Caboni, Monica Pibiri, Giovanni Monni, Eleonora Cocco, Luigi Atzori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-12-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
multiple sclerosis
sex hormones
gender differences
pregnancy
puerperium
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3107

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3107

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