Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats
<i>Toona sinensis</i> leaf is used as a seasonal vegetable in Korea. A 70% ethanol extract of these leaves exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 78.4 µM. To investigate the compounds responsible fo...
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/12/3254 |
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| author | Heung Joo Yuk Young-Sil Lee Hyung Won Ryu Seung-Hyung Kim Dong-Seon Kim |
| author_facet | Heung Joo Yuk Young-Sil Lee Hyung Won Ryu Seung-Hyung Kim Dong-Seon Kim |
| author_sort | Heung Joo Yuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Toona sinensis</i> leaf is used as a seasonal vegetable in Korea. A 70% ethanol extract of these leaves exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 78.4 µM. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of five constituents, identified as quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside, quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-<i>O</i>-galloyl-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranose (compound <b>3</b>), quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-rhamnopyranoside. Compound <b>3</b> showed the most potent inhibition of XO, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 2.8 µM. This was similar to that of allopurinol (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.3 µM), which is used clinically to treat hyperuricemia. Kinetic analyses found that compound <b>3</b> was a reversible noncompetitive XO inhibitor. In vivo, the <i>T. sinensis</i> leaf extract (300 mg/kg), or compound <b>3</b> (40 mg/kg), significantly decreased serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Furthermore, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified a high level of compound <b>3</b> in the leaf extract. These findings suggest that <i>T. sinensis</i> leaves could be developed to produce nutraceutical preparations. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:35:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0516e470f52445c1b253242d07dd0efc2022-12-22T02:46:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-12-012312325410.3390/molecules23123254molecules23123254Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic RatsHeung Joo Yuk0Young-Sil Lee1Hyung Won Ryu2Seung-Hyung Kim3Dong-Seon Kim4Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, KoreaHerbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, KoreaNatural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, KoreaInstitute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, KoreaHerbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Korea<i>Toona sinensis</i> leaf is used as a seasonal vegetable in Korea. A 70% ethanol extract of these leaves exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 78.4 µM. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of five constituents, identified as quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside, quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-<i>O</i>-galloyl-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranose (compound <b>3</b>), quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-rhamnopyranoside. Compound <b>3</b> showed the most potent inhibition of XO, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 2.8 µM. This was similar to that of allopurinol (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.3 µM), which is used clinically to treat hyperuricemia. Kinetic analyses found that compound <b>3</b> was a reversible noncompetitive XO inhibitor. In vivo, the <i>T. sinensis</i> leaf extract (300 mg/kg), or compound <b>3</b> (40 mg/kg), significantly decreased serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Furthermore, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified a high level of compound <b>3</b> in the leaf extract. These findings suggest that <i>T. sinensis</i> leaves could be developed to produce nutraceutical preparations.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/12/3254<i>Toona sinensis</i>xanthine oxidaseuric acidhyperuricemiaultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Heung Joo Yuk Young-Sil Lee Hyung Won Ryu Seung-Hyung Kim Dong-Seon Kim Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats Molecules <i>Toona sinensis</i> xanthine oxidase uric acid hyperuricemia ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| title | Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats |
| title_full | Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats |
| title_short | Effects of <i>Toona sinensis</i> Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats |
| title_sort | effects of i toona sinensis i leaf extract and its chemical constituents on xanthine oxidase activity and serum uric acid levels in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic rats |
| topic | <i>Toona sinensis</i> xanthine oxidase uric acid hyperuricemia ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/12/3254 |
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