Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer
Abstract DNA methylation is a critical process in the regulation of gene expression with dramatic effects in development and continually expanding roles in oncogenesis. 5‐Methylcytosine was once considered to be an inherited and stably repressive epigenetic mark, which can be only removed by passive...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Advanced Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ggn2.10033 |
| _version_ | 1798039025262526464 |
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| author | Rahul Prasad Timothy J. Yen Alfonso Bellacosa |
| author_facet | Rahul Prasad Timothy J. Yen Alfonso Bellacosa |
| author_sort | Rahul Prasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract DNA methylation is a critical process in the regulation of gene expression with dramatic effects in development and continually expanding roles in oncogenesis. 5‐Methylcytosine was once considered to be an inherited and stably repressive epigenetic mark, which can be only removed by passive dilution during multiple rounds of DNA replication. However, in the past two decades, physiologically controlled DNA demethylation and deamination processes have been identified, thereby revealing the function of cytosine methylation as a highly regulated and complex state—not simply a static, inherited signature or binary on‐off switch. Alongside these fundamental discoveries, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed the dramatic consequences of aberrant DNA demethylation. In this review we discuss DNA demethylation and deamination in the context of 5‐methylcytosine as critical processes for physiological and physiopathological transitions within three states—development, immune maturation, and oncogenic transformation; and we describe the expanding role of DNA demethylating drugs as therapeutic agents in cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05953e231fae4ad6a9c8b1d9670bae1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2641-6573 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-05953e231fae4ad6a9c8b1d9670bae1f2022-12-22T04:01:21ZengWileyAdvanced Genetics2641-65732021-03-0121n/an/a10.1002/ggn2.10033Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancerRahul Prasad0Timothy J. Yen1Alfonso Bellacosa2Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USACancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USACancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USAAbstract DNA methylation is a critical process in the regulation of gene expression with dramatic effects in development and continually expanding roles in oncogenesis. 5‐Methylcytosine was once considered to be an inherited and stably repressive epigenetic mark, which can be only removed by passive dilution during multiple rounds of DNA replication. However, in the past two decades, physiologically controlled DNA demethylation and deamination processes have been identified, thereby revealing the function of cytosine methylation as a highly regulated and complex state—not simply a static, inherited signature or binary on‐off switch. Alongside these fundamental discoveries, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed the dramatic consequences of aberrant DNA demethylation. In this review we discuss DNA demethylation and deamination in the context of 5‐methylcytosine as critical processes for physiological and physiopathological transitions within three states—development, immune maturation, and oncogenic transformation; and we describe the expanding role of DNA demethylating drugs as therapeutic agents in cancer.https://doi.org/10.1002/ggn2.10033AIDAPOBECDNA deaminationDNA demethylationDNA methylationTDG |
| spellingShingle | Rahul Prasad Timothy J. Yen Alfonso Bellacosa Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer Advanced Genetics AID APOBEC DNA deamination DNA demethylation DNA methylation TDG |
| title | Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer |
| title_full | Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer |
| title_fullStr | Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer |
| title_short | Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer |
| title_sort | active dna demethylation the epigenetic gatekeeper of development immunity and cancer |
| topic | AID APOBEC DNA deamination DNA demethylation DNA methylation TDG |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ggn2.10033 |
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