The Effect of Selected Factors on Floor Upheaval in Roadways—In Situ Testing

The phenomenon of the floor upheaval occurs in virtually every type of rock mass and at every depth, accompanying the process of excavation of tunnels and headings. Despite its inconvenience, it is rarely studied because of the complexity of the process and the multiplicity of the factors causing de...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Piotr Małkowski, Łukasz Ostrowski, Łukasz Bednarek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5686