The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinog...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nerina Denaro, Rebecca Romanò, Salvatore Alfieri, Alessia Dolci, Lisa Licitra, Imperia Nuzzolese, Michele Ghidini, Claudia Bareggi, Valentina Bertaglia, Cinzia Solinas, Ornella Garrone
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Cancers
Subjects:
thyroid cancer
estrogens
estrogen receptor
sex hormones
tumor microenvironment
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/9/2458

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/9/2458

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